Urban Challenges in LEDC cities: Changing Urban Areas: Geography: GCSE (9:1)

City location

Site and situation

City importance

The regional, national and international influence of the urban centre.

Natural increase

The growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate

Migration

Movement of people from one place to another.

Social opportunities

Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and health care.

Access to health care

Access to hospitals, doctors, essential medicine and preventative health care

Access to education

Percentage of people who have a reasonable opportunity to go to school

Access to resources

The indicator of availability of material supplies to a population including water and energy.

Economic opportunities

Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment.

Industrial areas

Areas reserved for manufacturing of goods

Slums

Poor, run-down urban areas.

Squatter settlement

An area within a city in an LIC in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

Informal economy

Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy.

Crime

An act against the law.

Inadequate waste disposal

In squatter settlements there will be no means of getting rid of rubbish which will then pollute the environment.

Improper sanitation

Slum settlements have no access to toilets or running water.

Open sewers

Human waste is often left in gutters on the street attracting infestation by vermin and disease carrying insects.

Traffic congestion

Heavy traffic making it difficult to move around a town or city.