FinalExam2024_Topic1_SL

aristocracy

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

demos

the people, the citizens in ancient Greece

democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens

public assembly

ecclesia, most important institution of Athenian democracy, all male citizens participate, decided on war/peace, foreign matters

strategos

military general in Athens, only position that is not randomly chosen, but elected

ostracism

exclusion from public life by popular vote

Phalanx

A military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

slave

a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them - classical slavery in Athens, Rome

citizenship

informed and active membership in a political community

Acropolis

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

amphiteatre

An auditorium, outdoors or indoors, circular, or elliptical in shape, in which a central arena is more or less surrounded by rising banks of seats. Gladiator plays

gladiator

A person trained to fight another person to the death for public entertainment in ancient Rome

politheism

belief in more than one god

monotheism

Belief in one God

legend

a narrative handed down from the past, containing historical elements and usually supernatural elements

Judaism

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.

Hebrew Bible

A collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the early Hebrew people. Old testament

Ten Commandments

A set of laws for responsible behavior, which, according to the Bible, were given to Moses by God, written on stone tablets

prophet

a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God in Judaism

temple of Jerusalem

central place of worship for Judaism

diaspora

the scattering of Jewish settlements outside Israel after the Jewish rebellion in 70

Messiah

Savior sent by God - Jesus according to the teachings of Christianity

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

baptism

a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth

holy communion

Another name for the Eucharist, the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ.

apostle

An early follower of Jesus, messenger of the resurrection of Christ was told by them

Missionary spirit, apostolate

spreading the teaching of Christianity and baptising new grous of ppl

Bible

The holy book of Christians.

New testament

The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers

Gospels

Four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

bishop

high-ranking Church official with authority over a local area, or diocese

emperor

The supreme ruler of an empire.

synod

an assembly of the clergy and sometimes also the laity in a diocese or other division of a church

oracle

a sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess

Olympic games

in ancient Greece, an athletic competition held every four years in honor of Zeus, first marks the Greek calendar

Cleisthenes

An aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped from Athenian democracy

Pericles

Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon, introduced daily wages for political participation

Abraham

Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command.

Moses

(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus, he was given th e2 stone tablets with the Ten Commandments

David

Second king of Israel, unietd the Israeli tribes and created unified kingdom in 1000 BC

Salamon

3rd king of Israel, son of David asked for wisdom from God, built the big temple in Jeruslem

Virgin Mary _ Jospeh

worldly parents of Jesus

Augustus

(63 BCE - 14 CE) First emperor of Rome (27 BCE - 14 CE) He restored order and prosperity to the Empire after nearly a century of turmoil. Grandnephew to Julius Caesar. Introduced Pax Romana

St Peter

First among the Apostles, upon whom Christ founded the Church

St. Paul

Apostle to the Gentiles

Constantin

Roman emperor who ended persecution of Christians

Zeus

King of the gods in Greek mythology

Pallas Athene

Goddess of wisdom Greek mythology

Romulus

Legendary hero who founded Rome in 753 BC

BC 3000

start of Ancient Times

476

end of Ancient times, fall of the W-Roman Empire

508 BC

reform of Cleisthenes

490 BC

battle of Marathon

753 BC

foundation of Rome

510 BC

start of Roman republic

70

distruction of the temple of Jerusalem

313

edict of Milan, legalizes Christianity

325

Council of Nicea, founding the Christian Church

776 BC

first Olympic games

Athens

A Greek polis who accomplished direct democracy

Alexandria

City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras.

Italy

peninsula that became the centre of the Roman Empire

Rome

capital city of the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.

Pannonia

The Roman province known of Transdanubia Hungary

Aquincum

Óbuda

Savaria

Szombathely

Jerusalem

A city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.

Canaan

An ancient name for the land of Israel, Promised land by God in the Covenant

Judea

Area where most Jews lived that was conquered by the Romans by 63 BC

Israel

A Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity, united by David and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.

Palestine

A territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Disputed with Israel.

Bethlehem

Birthplace of Jesus

Constantinople

A large and wealthy city founded by Constantine, became the secondary centre of the Roman Empire, then was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul

Olympia

city-state of ancient Greece seen as the sight of the first Olympics

Egypt

This early empire has its home along Africa's longest river, with a detailed form of writing. Province of the Roman Empire taken by Augustus

Sparta

Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts

Marathon

a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians

polis

An idependent city-state in ancient Greece.