geology 2.6-2.10

Fault

a crack in Earth’s crust due to motion of one tectonic plate relative to another

What is an earthquake

the sudden shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere, which creates seismic waves.

focus

The region that first breaks along a fault during an earthquake

Epicentre

The point of earths surface directly above an earthquakes focus

Seismic waves

A wave that travels though earth as a result of explosions or earthquakes

Primary wave (P- waves)

First to arrive as they gravel faster, able to travel though rock, solid, liquid, and gas

Secondary waves (S-waves)

Moves slower then P-waves and can only move though solid rock, travels up and down (left or right)

5 layers of earth

crust, mantle (lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere), outer core, inter core

Mesozoic era

Triassic period, Jurassic, period and Cretaceous period that all came to an end because a massive asteroid impact creating dust particles blocking solar energy from reaching spices that depended on it went extinct and Pangea started to break and slowly separate at this point

Cenozoic era

Plants and animals began to evolve and look more like what they do today, Holocene began to melt creating enormous glacial lakes, global conveyer a system the ocean does that circulates warm water away from tropics near oceans surface and Pangea was fully separated by now

Half life = present after a number

Global changes, evidence in rock strata and how scientists are able to average global temperatures during earths history and how it changed

Scientists use tiny trap bubbles called ice core samples to figure out what the temperatures were like in the past. Earths climate has never stayed the same and has changed many times over millions of yrs about 4*-7* average temp

Earths two natural phenomenons

Earthquakes and tsunamis

Subduction

Determine the absolute age using 2 different percents

When 2 percents % are given you use the parent nuclide % then use the graph to find the half life then times it by the approximate half life to get the years (use sig-digs)

Determine the absolute age when only 1 % is given

Subtract the given percent from 100% to get a number to use to find the half life then times it too approximate half life to get the years ( use sig-digs)

To find the relative age of layer B

Use the years you found and divide by 2