Chapter 13 - Speech Organization and Support Flashcards

A complete set of 50 vocabulary flashcards covering speech organization, outlining methods, organizational patterns, and types of supporting material.

Preliminary notes

Early ideas including possible topics, purpose, audience, research ideas, and supporting information used to begin speech preparation.

Working outline

A tool that organizes ideas before the final speech is written.

Basic speech structure

The standard form of a speech consisting of an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction

Part of the speech that captures attention, states the thesis, and previews the main points.

Body

The section of a speech that develops two to five major points with supporting material.

Conclusion

Part of the speech that reviews the thesis and major ideas while leaving the audience with a memorable final thought.

Formal outline

A document that uses a consistent system of symbols and includes the purpose, thesis, transitions, main points, supporting points, visual aids, and bibliography.

Speaking notes

Brief, organized notes designed to help the speaker maintain eye contact rather than read a script.

Standard outline symbols

The specific order of Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numbers, and lowercase letters used in an outline.

Logical division rule

The principle that every division in an outline must contain at least two parts, such as having a II if there is an I.

Parallel wording

A requirement that main points in an outline should be phrased similarly and be of equal importance.

Broad ideas to specific details

The direction of movement for content within a properly structured outline.

Time (Chronological) pattern

An organizational pattern that arranges ideas by sequence or process.

Problem–Solution pattern

An organizational pattern that identifies a problem and proposes solutions.

Cause–Effect pattern

An organizational pattern that explains causes first or effects first depending on the purpose.

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

A five-step organizational pattern consisting of Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action.

Attention (Monroe Step)

The first step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence designed to engage the audience.

Need (Monroe Step)

The second step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence that identifies a problem or necessity.

Satisfaction (Monroe Step)

The third step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence that proposes a solution to the problem.

Visualization (Monroe Step)

The fourth step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence that depicts the results of the solution.

Action (Monroe Step)

The fifth step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence that calls for a specific audience response.

Space (Spatial) pattern

An organizational pattern that organizes information by physical location.

Topical pattern

An organizational pattern that divides a subject into logical categories.

Climax pattern

An organizational pattern that builds toward the strongest point.

Anticlimax pattern

An organizational pattern that moves away from the strongest point.

Transitions

Words or phrases that connect ideas smoothly by linking different parts of the speech, such as the body to the conclusion.

Attention-getting techniques

Methods used in an introduction such as questions, quotations, surprising facts, humor, stories, or references.

Establishing credibility

A function of the introduction that demonstrates the speaker's authority on the topic.

Thesis statement

A clear statement in the introduction that identifies the main idea of the speech.

Preview of main points

An introduction component that outlines the major ideas to be covered in the body.

Memorable final thought

An element of the conclusion designed to leave a lasting impression on the audience.

Clarify

One of the four functions of supporting material to make ideas more understandable.

Prove

One of the four functions of supporting material to provide evidence for a claim.

Make ideas memorable

One of the four functions of supporting material to help the audience retain information.

Add interest

One of the four functions of supporting material to keep the audience engaged.

Supporting material

Information that strengthens ideas by clarifying, proving, making them memorable, or adding interest.

Factual examples

Real-life instances used to support a speaker's main point.

Hypothetical examples

Imaginary or simulated scenarios used to illustrate a point.

Narratives

Stories told within a speech to serve as supporting material.

Testimony

Supporting material consisting of statements or expert opinions.

Quotations

The exact words of another person used to support a concept.

Definitions

Explanations of the meaning of a word or concept used to clarify ideas.

Analogies

Comparisons used to explain a concept by relating it to something else.

Comparisons

Supporting material that highlights similarities between different things.

Statistics

Numerical data used to support a point that should be explained so the audience understands their relevance.

Visualized examples

Supporting material that is presented in a visual format to improve understanding.

Accuracy

A requirement for all supporting material to ensure information is correct.

Relevance

A requirement for all supporting material to ensure it is clearly connected to the speaker's main point.

Balance (in speech structure)

The strategy of keeping the introduction, body, and conclusion proportionate in a business presentation.

Main points

Major ideas in the body of a speech that should divide the topic logically.