Anatomy and Physiology for Radiography UNIT 5 TEST (Intro to Bones and Joints)

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o

joint

-blast

embryonic, immature

chondr/i, chondr/o

cartilage

-clast

break down

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

-desis

surgical fixation of a bone or joint

end-, endo-

in, within, inside

kyph/o

hump

lord/o

bent backward

-lysis

breakdown, separation, set free, loosening

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/I, ost/o, oste/o

bone

peri-

surrounding, around

-physis

to grow

scoli/o

curved, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae, backbone

synovi/o, synov/o

synovial membrane

The secondary center of ossification for a long bone:

epiphysis

Another name for porous, loosely knit bone tissue:

spongy

The movement permitted for the diarthrosis joint:

freely movement

This area of spongy bone is located at each end of the diaphysis:

metaphysis

What is the name of the central cylindrical canal found in long bones?

medullary cavity

The vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ___ bones.

irregular

This type of bone tissue produces red bone marrow:

spongy bone

The synovial joints of the hip and shoulder are classified as ___ joints.

ball and socket

Which of these is not part of the axial skeleton?

pelvis

The metacarpals and humerus are examples of ___ bones.

long

The term meaning "to form bone":

ossify

The synovial joints of the elbow and knee are classified as ___ joints.

hinge

A membrane that lines the medullary cavity of a long bone:

endosteum

How many bones make up the typical adult skeleton?

206

The synovial joints of the intercarpals/tarsals are classified as ___ joints.

gliding

Strong fibrous bands that attach bone to bone:

ligament

Where is the meniscus found in the knee joint?

on the tibial plateaus

What type of movement is consistent with a synarthrosis joint?

no movement

Bone cells that build up bony tissue are called:

osteoblasts

The synovial joint of the 1st CMC jt is classified as a ___ joint.

saddle

A small opening where blood vessels and nerves enter/exit the bone:

nutrient foramen

The primary center of ossification for a long bone:

diaphysis

A sac of synovial fluid that decreases friction between tendons and bones:

bursa

What is the fibrous membrane that covers bone?

periosteum

What type of movement is consistent with an amphiarthrosis joint?

slight movement

This type of cell reabsorbs old or damaged bone tissue:

osteoclast

Haversian Systems are found in this type of bone:

compact bone

The ribs and scapula are examples of ___ bones.

flat

The disc of cartilage that cushions the articular ends of bones in a joint:

meniscus

When two bones come together to form a joint:

articulation

Ankylosis

the loss or absence of mobility in a joint

Arthrodesis

a surgical procedure to stiffen a joint

Arthroplasty

surgical repair of a damaged joint

Arthroscopic surgery

a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

Articulation

a joint or junction between two or more bones

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

Calcification

deposit of calcium found in tissues

Callus

bulging deposit that forms around a break in a bone

Chondroma

benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

Chondromalacia

abnormal softening of the cartilage

Crepitation

crackling sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

Hemarthrosis

bleeding into a joint

Luxation

total displacement of a bone from its joint, dislocation

Myeloma

malignant tumor composed of blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow

Osteoarthritis

inflammation of bone and joint, "wear &tear arthritis", associated with aging

Osteochondroma

benign bone tumor characterized by a cartilage-capped bony growth projecting from the surface of the bone

Osteoclasis

surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Osteomalacia

abnormal softening of bones in adults, AKA adult rickets

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone marrow & adjacent bone

Osteopenia

thinner than average bone density in a young person

Osteoporosis

loss of bone density associated with aging

Osteorraphy

surgical suturing or wiring together of bones

Osteotomy

surgical incision or sectioning of a bone

Rickets

softening and weakening of bones in children

Subluxation

partial dislocation of a bone from its joint

What are the two types of bone tissue?

compact and spongy

The strong dense outer layer of bone

compact

The bone tissue that is made of Haversian systems

compact

Cylinders of bone matrix in rings around central canals, contain blood vessels

Haversian systems

Bone tissue that resembles a sponge with visible holes/cavities

spongy

Cavities in spongy bone contain red bone marrow which produces what?

RBCs, platelets, WBCs

Spongy bone tissue contains what?

osteocytes, red bone marrow, matrix, blood vessels

T/F There are no Haversian systems in spongy bone

true

What are the five classifications of bones?

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

What are examples of long bones?

femur, humerus, phalanges

What are examples of short bones?

carpals and tarsals

What are examples of flat bones?

ribs, scapula, pelvis, skull, sternum

What are examples of irregular bones?

vertebrae, facial bones

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

patella

Covering on bone, made of fibrous connective tissue, serves as an attachment for tendons and ligaments

periosteum

The center of a bone, also contains yellow marrow

medullary cavity

Membrane that lines the medually cavity of a long bone

endosteum

The two types of bone marrow are

red and yellow

What does red bone marrow produce?

RBCs and WBCs

What is yellow bone marrow made of?

mostly fat cells

An opening new the center of long bones where blood vessels and nerves enter/exit the bone

nutrient foramen

The shaft of a long bone, made of compact bone, PRIMARY center of ossification

diaphysis

Ends of a long bone, made of spongy bone, SECONDARY center of ossification

epiphysis

At each end of a diaphysis, made of spongy bone

metaphysis

Plate of cartilage found on the joint surface of a bone, provides a smooth surface

articular cartilage

Produce bone matrix, bone forming cell

osteoblast