Chapter 10: Intelligence

Personal Intelligence

________: the ability to understand who one is and who one wants to be.

Standardization

________: has two meanings: (1) the development of norms and (2) rigorously controlled testing procedures.

Genes

________ account for between 50 and 70 percent of population variation in IQ.

Intelligence

________ is determined by interacting hereditary and environmental factors.

Interlude Reliability

________: refers to the consistency of measurement when different people observe the same event or score the same test.

Metacompontents

________: addresses both the psychological processes involved in intelligent behavior and the diverse forms that intelligence can take.

sensory acuity

He developed measures of reaction speed, hand strength, and ________.

Sterotype Threat

________: if they believe that certain behaviors on their part would confirm a negative stereotype in the minds of others.

Knowledge Acquisition Components

________: allow us to learn from our experiences, store information in memory, and combine new insights with previously acquired information.

Fluid Intelligence

________: the ability to deal with novel problem- solving situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution.

Heritability estimates of intelligence

________ can vary, depending on sample characteristics.

Criterion

________- related Validity: refers to the ability of test scores to correlate with meaningful criterion measures.

Intelligence Quotient

________ (IQ): was the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100: IQ= (mental age /chronological age) x 100.

Validity

________: refers to how well a test actually measures what it is designed to measure.

Achievement Test

________: designed to find out how much they have learned so far in their lives.

Normal Distribution

________: a bell- shaped curve with most scores clustering around the center of the curve.

Reliability

________: refers to consistency of measurement.

Performance Components

________: are the higher- order processes used to plan and regulate task performance.

Outcome Bias

________: refers to the extent that a test underestimates a persons true intellectual ability.

Predictive Bias

________: occurs if the test successfully predicts criterion measures, such as school or job performance, for some groups but not for others.

Aptitude Test

________: containing novel puzzlelike problems that presumably go beyond prior learning and are thought to measure applicants potential for future learning and performance.

Internal Consistency

________: has to do with consistency of measurement within the test itself.

Psychological Test

________: a method for measuring individual differences related to some psychological concept, or construct, based on a sample of relevant behavior in a scientifically designed and controlled situation.

Sir Francis Galton

Quantifying Mental Ability

Fluid Intelligence

the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution

Cognitive Process Theories

explore the specific information-processing and cognitive processes that underlie intellectual ability

Metacompontents

addresses both the psychological processes involved in intelligent behavior and the diverse forms that intelligence can take

Performance Components

are the higher-order processes used to plan and regulate task performance

Knowledge Acquisition Components

allow us to learn from our experiences, store information in memory, and combine new insights with previously acquired information

Personal Intelligence

the ability to understand who one is and who one wants to be

Achievement Test

  designed to find out how much they have learned so far in their lives

Aptitude Test

containing novel puzzlelike problems that presumably go beyond prior learning and are thought to measure applicants potential for future learning and performance

Psychological Test

a method for measuring individual differences related to some psychological concept, or construct, based on a sample of relevant behavior in a scientifically designed and controlled situation

Reliability

refers to consistency of measurement

Test-Retest Reliability

which is assessed by administering the measure to the same group of participants on two (or more) separate occasions and correlating the two (or more) sets of scores

Internal Consistency

has to do with consistency of measurement within the test itself

Interlude Reliability

  refers to the consistency of measurement when different people observe the same event or score the same test

Validity

  refers to how well a test actually measures what it is designed to measure

Construct Validity

  exists when a test successfully measures the psychological construct it is designed to measure, as indicated by relations between test scores and other behaviors that it should be related to

Content Validity

refers to whether the items on a test measure all the knowledge or skills that are assumed to underlie the construct of interest

Criterion-related Validity

  refers to the ability of test scores to correlate with meaningful criterion measures

Normal Distribution

  a bell-shaped curve with most scores clustering around the center of the curve

Static Testing

The traditional approach to testing, in which the test is administered under highly standardized conditions

Dynamic Testing

the standard testing is followed up with an interaction in which the examiner gives the respondent guided feedback on how to improve performance and observes how the person utilizes the information

Outcome Bias

  refers to the extent that a test underestimates a persons true intellectual ability

Predictive Bias

occurs if the test successfully predicts criterion measures, such as school or job performance, for some groups but not for others

Sterotype Threat

  if they believe that certain behaviors on their part would confirm a negative stereotype in the minds of others