Unit 1 Renaissance & Reformation

Humanism

An inttelcutal of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanitied, which included grammer, rehetoric, poetry, mirak, philosphy, and history.

Peace of Augsburg

The 1555 agreement that formally accepted the division of Christanity in Germany

Secular

Not pretaining to or connected with religion; related to wordly things

Counter Reformation

Also Known as the catholic Church that included the formation of a new reigous order, reform of the papacy, and the Council of Trent.

Predestination

Belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be condemned.

Fresco

Painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paint

Altarpiece

An artwork that represents a religious subject and is placed behind an altar of a Christan Church.

Justification

Process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God.

Mercenary

Soldiers who fought primarily for pay

Protestant

A flower of a Christian Church that is separate from the Roman Catholic Church

Lutheranism

The religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by goof works; this was the first Protestant faith.

Purgatory

A place of punishment where souls pay for past sins

Salvation

The state of being saved (that is going to Heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works.

Anglican Church

This Church created by English King Henry VIII because the Catholic Chruch would not approve his divorce.

Linear perspective

Artistic technique used to give the effect of three dimensional dpeth to two dementional surfaces.

Indulgence

A release form all or part of a punishment for sin by the catholic church, reducing time in purgatory death.

Doge

Elected leaders in Venice

Popular Soverignty

The right to govern through the consent of the people

Christian Humanism

A movement that developed in northern Europe learning and indivuslim with the goal of reforming the Catholic church.

Council of Trent

Begening in March 1545, a metting of a group of church officials and theologians that reaffirend traditional catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs.

Buurgher

In the Medieval Europe, the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people; also known as the Bourgeoisie.

Divine Comedy

Written by Dante between 1308 and 1321, this is a long narrative poem describing the soul’s journey to obtain an understanding of God’s love

Edict of Worms

Issued by Emperor Charles V making Martin Luther an outlaw within the empire, as well as ordering all works by Luther to be burned.

Heretic

A person who opposes or does not conform to established religious teachings.

Patrician

A wealthy, powerful landowner.

Vernacular

The language of everyday speech in a particular region

Cosimo de’ Medici

A wealthy banker that took over Florences Gov’t

Lorenzo de’ Medici

Became a patron of the arts

Masaccio

Began new techniques in art

Donatello

Made a David statue out of BRONZE.

Donatello Goal?

Express a human-centerd wond

Filippo Brunelleschi

Church of sanlarenzo in Florence.

Leronardo da Vinci

Model “rennassaiance man” and he made the mona lisa and distected humans. Realistic art.

Rphael Sanzio

Painted Madonnas. Marriage in virgin. painted frescoes. School of Athens

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Dome of st peters. Painter, supplier, and architect. Sistin chapel in Rome. Sttue of David MARBEL.

Robert Campin

Flemish painter to use shadows. Ex: Merode atarpiece

Jan van Eyck

1st to use perfect techinque of oil painting. Ex: Aonlifiri and his bride.

Albrecht Durer

Prespective & the human form smallest details. Ex: Adam and Eve.

Republic

a state free from monarchical rule, where the common good and liberty

The Book of the City of Ladies

used to build a metaphorical city representing women's value and contributions to society

 Johannes  Gutenberg

the printing press, an invention that revolutionized the spread of knowledge and played a crucial role in the period's cultural and intellectual shifts.

Dowry

a transfer of property, often money or goods, from a bride's family to the groom's family upon marriage

Girolamo Savonarola

known for his fervent calls for moral and religious reform, his opposition to the corruption of the Catholic Church, and his fiery sermons that criticized the secular and artistic trends of the Renaissance. He also played a significant role in Florentine politics, leading the city after the Medici family was overthrown.