AICE US HISTORY 2.3 & 2.4

how was the south after the war?

Texas was almost untouched. Virginia was almost entirely destroyed Atlanta and Charleston laid in ruins. The south had a debt of 250,000 had little infrastructure.

how was the north after the war?

it use the Civil War to industrialize and become self-sufficient and agriculture

what is Charles Sumners "state suicide"

leaving the union returning to the status of territories, then be re-organized into different states

Who lead Reconstruction?

Abraham Lincoln during the war it began in 1862-63

when did Lincoln think Southern states should be readmitted into the union?

when 10% of their citizens had sworn loyalty and they had an education system, which would be able to cope with the new free slaves and constitutions which banned slavery

what did Lincoln win in 1864?

the nomination for the presidential election this year but not for the Republican Party for the national Union party with Andrew Jackson - he also ran for re election

what two actions did Lincoln take against the radicals of his own party?

he fired Salmon P chase cause he was trying to replace lincoln as president

Wade-Davis Bill?

The first reconstruction act written by Congress it lets southern states come back in 50% of their citizens had sworn an oath to the union and would have forced Southerners to prove that they did not fight willingly against the north

what is the tactic pocket veto?

when both houses passes a bill however he took no action, without his signing it could not become a law

what is the Freedman's bureau?

Lincoln and Congress joining together to provide for the immediate needs of those who have been freed from slavery - providing food and shelter and negotiating jobs

when did lincoln die?

April 15, 1865, he was shot on the 14th by a confederate sympathizer & andrew jackson became president

what did andrew johnson think about the south states leaving?

that since the south lost constitutionally it was wrong to secede

in may 1865 what did andrew johnson do?

pardoned eX confederate soldiers and civilians and those with property, did not change voting rights, where possible returned to land to its pardon owners

Who was one confederate that was executed?

Henry Wirz, The commander of a prison camp. Johnson tried to execute former confederate president Jefferson Davis after he was in prison for two years, but he wasn't allowed to execute him

what is southern planter aristocracy?

it took control of the southern governance and ran the south

why did congress have a rift with andrew johnson?

because until December 1865, Congress could do nothing official unless Johnson recalled them and the northern Republicans who dominated Congress said he only became president by accident

what did congress prepare to do once they were called up again?

to extend the mandate of the freedman's bureau- but johnson vetoed it because it was a military institution and military cannot overrule the state run courts

what other bill did johnson veto?

the civil rights bill which aimed to protect an in franchise Friedman

- congress override the veto and in april 1866 became a law

what is radical reconstruction?

it aimed to change the south fundamentally after the Civil War.

why was the Congress in 1867 different than the earlier ones?

it had a clear radical majority, and it could override presidential veto, The House of Representatives and Congress had a radical leadership, Johnson's campaign made it clear that the new Congress had a mandate to oppose him, And Johnson was now firmly identified with the southern aristocracy

what was the military reconstruction act of March 1867?

it divided the south into five districts, and they each had a military governor in which the radical reconstruction could be carried out

What was the Command of the Army Act?

Reduced Johnson's military powers, he could only issue military orders to the leading general- Grant

what military districts where commanded by who?

1-schofield 2-sickles 3-pope 4-ord 5-sheridan

why did johnson get impeached?

he would frustrate the radicals any way he could , radicals were getting their way in the south , and staton remained in his office barricaded

even though johnson's president term was expiring in march 1869 they chose to impeach him in march of 1868 why?

to show that radical strength would have an effect on the 1860 elections, Johnson would be humiliated, Congress could devote its time to finishing the job in the south, Seminar wade would assume the presidency

why was the trial of impeachment abandoned?

Johnson was acquitted by one vote. He had 35 against him. He needed 36.

why was the second half of the 1860s notable for the adoption of three changes to the US Constitution?

these were the first three amendments which were not part of a political deal or the recognition of a system that which had not worked as intended. They are known as the reconstruction amendments the 13th of 14th and the 15th.

What was the 13th Amendment ?

it banned slavery after Lincoln published the emancipation proclamation. He persuaded Congress to vote on the bill and keep it up.

what was the 14th amendment?

it gave Black people equality under the law with white people it also gave citizenship to them

what was the 15th amendment?

race color or having been a slave could

not stop someone from voting

2.4!!

what was the reality for for the newly emancipated slaves?

they had live on the same plantations and

work for the same masters

what is juneteenth?

The day slaves in Texas found out they were free june 19 1865

who was jourdan anderson ?

he was freed in tennessee in 1864 by the end of the summer of 1865 lived in ohio, he asked his former master to request a job

What is sharecropping?

a economic model where all of the rent that a farmer pays for its land is paid in crops - it was the only solution to the immediate economic problem

why was the practice of sharecropping adopted by a third of the south?

because the civil war shattered the southern economy , the workforce died , banks didn't have enough cash , and cotton wasn't really a need anymore

why did sharecropping limit slaves?

former slaves had nothing so they couldn't cash to hand or crops to sell, they didn't know how to read nor write , and there was a widespread destruction of crops

what was the Soithern Homestead act of 1866?

passed over johnson's veto- available land would be redistributed to those who needed it

what was an achievement of the freedman bureau

provided slaves with food and clothes , helped them get married and relocated , provided medical relief

the freeman bureau & the American missionary association did what together?

promoted education ,set up universities and schools 200,000 people learned how to read after the civil war

what is "black reconstruction "

to enable freedman to help themselves- politically but it failed no black governors were elected , two black senators, 15 blacks in the HOR

what was white south?

a unity of whites

What were carpetbaggers?

Northerners who moved to the South and supported the Republicans intending to participate in southern governments

What were scalawags?

aimed to express their opposition to slavery + the planter aristocracy, by joining local republican parties - james alcorn

what were black codes?

laws passed in the south to regulate reconstruction (actually to regulate african americans) and gave black southerners restrictions and limitions

what were the black codes?

vagrancy laws- if you can't prove your working - you'd be arrested . Disproportionate pushishment- death penalty. In florida it was illegal to disrespect a white employer. servitude.

What were grandfather laws?

a man could only vote if his grandfather had been a voter - which excluded slaves

what was the cultural response to southern defeat from the Civil War?

lost cause ignoring the fact of slavery, southerns helped slaves, the war was a revolution

what was the Ku Klux Klan

a secret society formed by white southerners that opposed civil rights for African Americans

how did the KKK get eradicated?

the 1870 force act, however it was represented to the country in a movie called the birth of a nation in 1915

what party was ulysses grant?

his presidency was from 1869 to 77. He was the candidate of radical Republicans, but he wasn't an extremist.

what was Grant's first task?

to promote the implementation of the 15th amendment the radical thought this was necessary

what are force acts?

A piece of legislation designed to help Congress and the president to enforce another act

what were force acts used for?

to enforce the 14th and 15th amendments.

What were redeemers?

Southern Democrats, who were to overthrow radical Republican governments in the south

what were the only states without redeemer governments?

Florida, South Carolina and Louisiana

what were the results of the 1876 presidential election?

hayes republican - 165 tilden democrat 185

what was happening with the three undetermined states during the 1876 presidential election?

there was all the allegations of voter fraud so the Republican at Toral commissions awarded the votes to Hayes then this the election was a tie, but Congress was majority democrat, and refused

what was the election compromise of 1877?

Hayes promised to withdraw federal troops from the south and to a point a southern to the cabinet and move funds to improve railroads in the south