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Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s.

War Guilt Clause

in treaty of Versailles; declared germany and austria responsible for WWI; ordered Germany to pay reparation (33 billion) to Allied powers

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points

The President's vision for US involvement to promote principles such as peace in the post war world

Self-Determination

The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

Balfour Declaration

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

Palestine

A territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Disputed with Israel.

British Mandate of Palestine

Granted by the League of Nations following World War I, it gave Britain control over the governance of Palestine.

Zionism

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.

Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)

March on Rome

planned march of thousands of Fascist supporters to take control of Rome; in response Mussolini was given the legal right to control Italy

Blackshirts

Mussolini's "gang" used to control Italy through violence and intimidation

Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945), Nazi leader and founder; had over 6 million Jews assassinated during the Holocaust

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession

Nazi Party

the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933

Beer Hall Putsh (1923)

failed attempt at revolution when Hitler unsuccessfully tried to seize power in Munich. This uprising resulted in Hitler's arrest, but it did in fact get the Nazi mantra out into the world.

Reichstag Fire

February, 1933; started by secret order of the NAZIs; called a communist plot;Hitler convinced president Hindenburg to suspend all civil rights for Communists, socialists, liberals, and trade unionists

Hitler Youth

Organizations set up under Hitler to train an educate German young people in Nazi beliefs

Anti-Semitism

hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

Pograms

Government supported attacks against Jews in Russia

Gestapo

German secret police

Swing Kids Movement

group of jazz/swing music lovers in Germany opposing Nazi regime and the Hitler youth group