APUSH Period 3 and 4

Short Term Causes of the French and Indian War

boundary dispute in ohio river valley

1754- GW’s attack on fort Duquesne

Long Term Causes of French and Indian War

Anglo-French Rivalry for domination

French presence in NA blocks British expansion desires

Albany Plan of Union

Colonies created a plan to place all colonies under a “super” centralized gov, rather than separate

Plan NEVER passes = colonies weren’t ready to lose autonomy

Significance of Albany Plan of Union

Sign of Colonial Unity

Precedent for AOC

Treaty of Paris (1763)

• Ended 7 years War

• GB acquired French Canada, Spanish Florida

• France kicked off NA continent

• France ceded Louisiana to the Spanish in compensation for losing Florida

Consequences of 7 Years War

British Gov gave up salutary neglect

Britain doubled in National Debt

Created new taxes and trade laws → colonial dissent

Loss of power for natives → pontiac’s rebellion

Colonial military confidence

Proclamation of 1763

• effect of pontiac’s rebellion

• british gov prohibits colonists from settling west of appalachian mts to prevent future conflicts with natives

• colonists defied proclamation

Sugar Act (1764)

• indirect tax (tax on merchants not consumers)

• on foreign sugar

• first act ever passed

• to raise revenue for crown

Quartering Act (1765)

Colonists must provide food and quarters to British redcoats

Stamp Act (1765)

• direct tax on legal docs and published materials

• to raise revenue to support the new military force in the colonies

• felt by consumers → most affecting law passed

Effects of Stamp Act

• no taxation without representation

• stamp act congress

  • delegates wrote up a declaration of rights

  • boycotted british goods

• formation of Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Declaratory Act (1766)

• parliament repealed stamp act

• passed to save face but show power

• claimed parliament had the right to tax colonies in the future

Townshend Act (1767)

• indirect tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea

• leads to smuggling

• increase in British military presence

• revenue used to pay royal governors

Boston Massacre (1770)

• colonists provoked british

• british fired killing 11 including Crispus Attucks

• Townshend Actstownshend acts repealed (excpetion of tax on tea)

Committees of Correspondence (1772)

• to spread propaganda

• organized by samuel adams

Tea Act (1773)

• granted British East India Company a monopoly on the American tea trade

• price of tea would be lower than existing price BUT americans still boycotted and saw the act as an attempt to trick the colonies into accepting the tax

Boston tea Party (1773)

• reaction to tea act

  • sons of liberty dressed as natives smashed chest and dumped tea into the harbor → destruction of property

Intolerable/Coercive Acts (1774)

• reaction to Boston tea party

• passed these acts to punish americans

• Boston Port Act

  • harbor remained closed until damages were paid

• massachusetts charter revoked

• admin of justice act

  • allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Britain instead

• quartering act

  • enabled british troops to quarter in private homes

Quebec Act (1774)

• extended quebec’s boundary to ohio river

• resented by colonies viewed as direct attack to colonies

Cause of First Continental Congress (1774)

to respond to british threats to liberties

Actions in the 1st Continental Congress

• denounced intolerable acts

• urged colonies to organize militia

• urged citizens to pay taxes

• THE ASSOCIATION: called for a complete boycott of british goods

  • daughters of liberty would make clothing, etc

What was the “first shot hear around the world”

lexington and concord (1175)

paul revere midnight ride

Why was 2nd Continental Congress Occur (1775)

New England wanted to declare independance 

BUT Middle Colonies wanted to negotiate a new relationship with GB

Actions of the 2nd Continental Congress

• George Washington elected as head of the continental army

• a navy and marine corps was organized to attack British ships

Olive Branch Petition(1775)

• many colonists still valued their British heritage —→ asked king to intercede with parliament to secure peace and prevent an all out war

• rejected by the king

Results of Olive Branch Petition

battle of bunker hill → kings proclaimed colonies in rebellion

Reasons for shifts in loyalty during revolution

• hiring of german hessians

• british promised freedom slaves if they fought for them → colonies did the same eventually

• patriot coercion and propaganda

Common Sense

• propaganda pamphlet 

• encouraged colonies to declare independence

  • The king was a royal brute

  • America had a moral obligation to set up an independent, democratic republic

Declaration of Independence (1776)

• preamble influenced by John Locke

  • life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness (“property” in Locke terms b4 Jefferson changed it)

• lists 27 grievances of the colonies

• formal declaration of independence

Turning Point in American Revolution

• victory at Saratoga

  • outcome persuaded france to join war against britain

  • form an alliance

Treaty of Franco-American Alliance (1778)

• both sides bound themselves to wage war until US won its victory

• french wanted revenge against british

• promised americans recognition of independence

• france sent money and supplies

Treaty of Paris (1783)

• formally recognized US independence

• granted US huge boundaries stretching to Mississippi in the west, Great Lakes in the north, and to Spanish Florida in the south

• british promised troops would not take slaves from america

• british loyalist could not be persecuted

• American states would be bound to pay back debts to british creditors

Republican Motherhood

new role called for educating women so they could teach their kids

gave them a more active role

Components of Articles of Confederation (1781-1789)

• established a central gov —> weak

• each state was given one vote with at least 9/13 votes required to pass laws and 13/13 votes to amend it

• gave congress power to wage war, make treaties, send diplomatic reps, and borrow $

Successes Under Articles

• first of its kinda

• Land disputes solved with ordinances

  • NY and VA vs PA and Maryland - a lot of land vs a little land

  • NY and VA cede land to congress -→ congress takes the land to benefit all states

• Land Ordinance of 1785

• Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Land Ordinance of 1785

• established a system of surveying new land

  • land split into townships 6 sq. miles, split into 36 sections of 1 sq. mile, 16th section = public school

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

• established system of how territories could become states

• land under fed control until stipulations fulfilled

• No slavery in this territory

Weaknesses of Articles

• couldn’t pay nation’s debts

• couldn’t enforce treaty of paris or any treaties → up to the states

• congress couldn’t tax and had to request states too

• boundary disputes that gov had no power to settle

• shay’s rebellion occured

Shay’s Rebellion (1786)

• Daniel Shay led farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money

• claimed states abdicated their responsibilities to their citizens

• highlights weakness of A of C → no fed army to put rebellion down