Market Revolution Flashcards

How was trade before 1800? How did it begin to change?

• People got their goods from regular trade.

• As the US became less rural, people thought about selling their goods in larger scaled markets. Cash started to become more used, and people started to consume more due to dry good showers.

How did farming change during the 18th century?

• By 1820, most people worked in agriculture. In 1850, less than half worked in agriculture. Farming stopped being able to support people anymore, so people took on second and different jobs.

Why did the Transportation Revolution start?

Consumers and Producers needed a way to reach each other.

What were the main transportation methods that started in the Transportation Revolution?

• Roads

• Steamboats

• Canals

• Railroads

What was the National Road Project? When did it start? What were private roads? How was riding on stagecoach?

• A project by the federal government to create a reliable road for foot and carriage to get goods to market.

• 1806

• Private Roads were private ways on the trails in which you had to pay a toll to cross.

• Stagecoach was bumpy and rough. It was considered a worse way to travel, but it beat going on horseback and walking.

What did steamboats do to the Mississippi River? Where they safe to ride in?

• They practically ruined the environment with how many trees were chopped down for fuel.

• They were not - they blew up quite often.

How were canals traveled? What was the Erie Canal?

• Animals would pull boats with your goods across them.

• The Erie Canal connected New York to the Great Lakes, stretching from the Hudson to Lake Erie.

What was the most important invention of the Transportation Revolution?

Railroads.

What were some of the more popular railroads? Were railroads popular in the South? What cities grew in the South thanks to railroads?

• Baltimore - > Ohio, Boston → Albany

• They were not - the south didn’t need them except to transfer cotton to the Atlantic.

• Nashville and Atlanta

Why did meat became the main way people got protein? What areas profited off of this?

• Refrigerated trains allowed for meat to be exported across the country.

• Chicago and Cincinati.

what new states entered statehood in 1820? What was outlawed there, and what characterized their economies as a result?

• Ohio, Indiana, Illinois

• Slavery was outlawed due to the Northwest Ordinance, so industrialization characterized their economies.

Where were the first factories located and why?

• Near Rivers so they could use hydropower.

Who were “Wool Women?” What was symbolic about their social status? How was their pay? How were their political rights? How were there work weeks?

• Women who came out of the family home to go work in wool factories.

• Since they were without male company man and made their own money, they needed to have pockets sewn into their clothes to hold their money as they shopped.

• They made less than men.

• They still had unequal rights, so they didn’t have a lot of say.

• Long and hard.

What is Loco Parentis? What did factories have Wool Women do to get families trust?

• Latin for “In the place of a parent”.

• They would put women in Loco Parentis, meaning they had to go to chapel, have a curfew, and the people who visited them were screened.

Why did the clock become important?

• You had to work a shift at a certain time instead of working from sun up to sun down.

How did the Jeffersonians respond to the market revolution? How did the National bank helped industrialization?

What act was passed to help industrialization? What did the Supreme Court say about contracts?

• They did not like it - they thought people should be farmers and that industrialization would lead to loss of liberties.

• The National Bank allowed new industrial systems and new ways of travel to be formed.

• Tariff Act of 1816 - A rate of 25% was passed to protect domestic industry, and placed restrictions on foreign trade.

• The government cannot change how a contract stands.

What was the outcome of Gibbons versus Ogdon?

The federal government has the right to regulate commerce between states.

How did cotton become a huge product? What states did cotton expand into? Why was the Mississippi territory turned into two different states?

• Two things: The cotton gin and the growing textile industries needing raw materials.

• Mississippi, Alabama, Texas

• Having two states allows for more money and more power in congress to protect slavery

What was the difference between new states in the south versus the north?

• Slavery being allowed in the territory

What was the Master Class?

They were the large slaveholding elites that wanted to spread slavery

How were cotton plantations different in America?

They were based on the gang system - groups of slaves work all day long to maximize production.

Plantation Districts

They were the wealthy plantations of the west. Some of them had hundreds of slaves, and they sold their cotton to textile factories in the northeast and England.

Who were Yeomen Farmers / Poorfolk? What did they leave on their doors? How many of them had slaves? What would some do with their excess money?

• They were poor whites who traveled to the cotton frontier. They had just their families and sometimes a couple of slaves. Everyone worked on the farm.

• GTT - gone to Texas

• Only about a quarter owned slaves, and most owned less than ten slaves.

• Some would put their money into buying more slaves.

When did middle class males get the right to vote?

1820