kai - biology 1107 uconn lab pratical final study

What is the correct metric system prefix based on the scientific notation: 1 * 10^0

No prefix/Base Unit

What is the correct metric system prefix based on the scientific notation: 1 * 10^-3

Milli

What is the correct metric system prefix based on the scientific notation: 1 * 10^-6

Micro

Convert the following: 0.096 mL to uL

96 uL

You are working with a microscope with 20x ocular lenses and the following objective lenses: 4x, 20x, 400x. Suppose the field of view on this microscope is 0.5mm at a total magnification of 400x. Calculate the field of view when using the 4x objective. Report answer in millimeters.

2.5

Calculate the amount in grams of NaCl needed to prepare 1600 mL of 7M NaCl solution (MW of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

654.53 +or- 0.1

You want to make a 3.5M solution of compound X. The molecular weight of compound X is 336.48 g/mol. How many grams of compound X do you need to weigh out to make 250 mL of this solution?

294.42 +or- 0.1

Convert 7L to mL.

7000 mL

Convert 58.5g to mg.

58500 mg

Convert 839μg to mg.

0.839 mg

Convert 60μL to mL.

0.060 mL

Convert 9L to μL.

9000000 uL

start of chapter 2

2

A buffer is made up of

a weak acid and its conjugate base

Given a stock solution of 8 M NaOH, calculate the milliliters of stock solution needed to prepare 3 mL of a 186 mM NaOH solution.

0.07 +or- 0.2

Water has a higher pH than lemon juice. What must also be true?

Water has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions than lemon juice.

Which property of water is the basis for the pH scale?

Water self-ionizes.

What is the pH of a solution with a concentration of 0.00252217 M hydrogen ions?

2.60 +or- 0.1

How many grams of NaCl are needed to make 40 mL of a 0.2 M NaCl solution? FW NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

0.47

How many grams of sucrose are needed to make 40 mL of a 0.2 M sucrose solution? FW sucrose = 342.3 g/mol

2.74

How many mL of 1 mM BSA stock solution do you need to make 40 mL of an 0.2 mM BSA working solution?

8

How many mL of the 100 mM NaH2PO4 stock solution will you need to make 40 mL of a 1.8 mM NaH2PO4 working solution?

0.72

How many mL of the 100 mM Na2HPO4 stock solution will you need to make 40 mL of a 10 mM Na2HPO4 working solution?

4

How can you tell that disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) is the conjugate base and monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) is the weak acid?

Disodium phosphate has one less hydrogen atom than monosodium phosphate.

What is the concentration of ​[H+] present in a solution with pH 5.1? Enter your answer in decimal form using units of mM.

0.007943

chapter 3 starts here

3

Given a stock solution of 9 M NaOH, calculate the milliliters of stock solution needed to prepared 1 mL of a 168 mM NaOH solution.

0.02 +or- 0.2

The Biuret reagent color change happens in a concentration-dependent manner that is proportional to the number of ___ in the solution.

Peptide bonds

Which reagent was used as an indicator to detect the presence of lipids?

Sudan IV

A ______ is the name of the generic subunit that comes together to make up a macromolecule.

monomer

The monomers of all four types of biological molecules are linked together by bonds formed in this type of reaction.

Dehydration

Match the bond type with the appropriate type of molecule: Phosphodiester

Nucleic acid

Match the bond type with the appropriate type of molecule: Peptide

Protein

Match the bond type with the appropriate type of molecule: Glycosidic

Carbohydrate

Match the bond type with the appropriate type of molecule: Ester

Lipid

In terms of polarity being a sliding scale, would you expect acetone to be more or less polar than ethanol?

Acetone is less polar than ethanol.

True/False: Sudan IV will only stain nonpolar compounds, like lipids.

True

A brick red solution containing precipitate is a positive reaction for Benedict's test. What about a green color with precipitate?

Positive

This color is indicative of a positive Biuret test.

Purple

Match the biological molecule with the reagent used to detect it: Proteins

Biuret reagent

Match the biological molecule with the reagent used to detect it: Carbohydrate

Benedict's reagent

Match the biological molecule with the reagent used to detect it: Nucleic Acids

Ethidium bromide

Match the biological molecule with the reagent used to detect it: Lipids

Sudan IV

Based on the Electromagnetic spectrum: which color of light has the shortest wavelength?

Violet

Based on the Electromagnetic spectrum: Which of the listed colors of light has the lowest frequency?

Orange

What is the term for this scenario: Light energy is lost when it strikes electrons that vibrate it out as heat.

Absorption

What is the term for this scenario: Light hits electrons vibrating at an equal frequency. The light energy is the emitted at the same frequency.

Reflection

What range of wavelengths of light should you scan when determining the λmax of the purple-colored samples for the protein assay?

490-570 nm

During the lipid solubility exercise, you added oil to solutions of water and ethanol. What did you notice about the location of the oil when placed in the ethanol? What must this mean for the density of water as compared to ethanol?

Oil on bottom of the ethanol; water is higher density than ethanol.

Chapter 4 starts here

4

Match the reagent to its role in the enzyme activity exercise: Enzyme

Phosphatase

Match the reagent to its role in the enzyme activity exercise: Product

p-nitrophenol

Match the reagent to its role in the enzyme activity exercise: Substrate

p-nitrophenyl phosphate

Match the reagent to its role in the enzyme activity exercise: Inhibitor

Sodium Diphosphate

pH can disrupt the structure of a protein by interfering with...

tertiary structure, quaternary structure, secondary structure

The phosphatase enzyme used in lab consists of a single polypeptide chain. What is the highest level of organization displayed by this phosphatase enzyme?

Tertiary

True/False: Phosphatases are a group of enzymes that add a phosphate group from the substrate.

False

Why was the base sodium hydroxide added to the enzyme reaction mixtures after incubation?

To ionize the product, producing a yellow solution.

True/False: Both catalysts and enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to start a reaction.

True

A biological molecule that increases the rate of a reaction is most likely...

an enzyme

Enzymes are...

proteins

True/False: An enzyme is not used up in the reaction it catalyzes.

True

This part of the enzyme binds to the substrate.

active site

True/False: A protein that has lost its three-dimensional structure due to low pH would still function as an enzyme.

False

A phosphatase enzyme will...

remove a phosphate group from a molecule.

In the reaction described, p-nitrophenyl phosphate is...

the substrate.

The phenolate ion will appear this color under basic conditions.

Yellow-green

The phenolate ion will appear this color under acidic conditions.

Clear

Phosphatases are used as biomarkers of...

liver disease, prostate cancer, osteoporosis

Chapter 5 starts here

chapter 5

Digestion by pepsin will create...

short peptides and amino acids

When swallowing, a structure called the _____ covers the trachea, ensuring that the food travels down the _____ to the stomach.

epiglottis; esophagus

This is one of the end products of the reaction catalyzed by lipase.

fatty acids

This reagent was used to detect the end product of the carbohydrate digestion reaction.

Benedict-Q

What is the end product of the carbohydrate digestion reaction catalyzed by amylase?

maltose

Contractions of the longitudinal muscle layer in the intestines are responsible for moving food along the digestive tract. Specifically, what is this process called?

Peristalsis

Bile is secreted into where to assist with the digestion of lipids. Where in the body is bile synthesized?

Secreted into the duodenum; synthesized in the liver

Enzymatic digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of the enzyme ___ which comes from the ___.

amylase; salivary glands

Match the macromolecule with the enzyme that breaks it down: Starch

Amylase

Match the macromolecule with the enzyme that breaks it down: Protein

Pepsin

Match the macromolecule with the enzyme that breaks it down: Lipid

Lipase

Match the macromolecule with the enzyme that breaks it down: Nucleic acids

Nuclease

What product is produced by amylase?

Maltose

What product(s) are produced by lipase?

Glycerol and fatty acids

What product(s) are produced by pepsin?

Amino acids and peptides

How many essential amino acids are there?

9

Salivary amylase is an enzyme that begins breaking down carbohydrates while the food is still in the mouth. Once the food passes into the stomach, what happens to the salivary amylase?

It is inactivated by the acidic conditions of the stomach.

Which biological macromolecules are chemically digested in the duodenum?

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

The digestion of food begins in the mouth by the action of the enzyme ___________, which is secreted by the ______.

amylase; salivary glands

When you swallow, the _____ blocks the entrance to the trachea. This helps prevent choking.

epiglottis

The inside of the stomach is highly acidic due to the excretion of the acid known as _____. The low pH of the stomach combined with the enzyme ________ will facilitate the breakdown of ______.

hydrochloric acid; pepsin; proteins

After leaving the stomach, the acidic mixture of partially digested food is called ______. The next area is the ________, the first section of the small intestine.

chyme; duodenum

In the duodenum, two accessory organs will secrete various chemicals and enzymes to further the digestion process. Emulsification of fats is accomplished by ________, which is secreted by _____ and stored in the ______. Meanwhile, the _______ will secrete the enzyme _____ which breaks down the lipids.

bile; liver; gall bladder; pancreas; lipase

After the duodenum, the chyme will pass through the ______ and then the ______, the two remaining portions of the small intestine where nutrient absorption takes place.

jejunum; ileum

The large intestine is the last portion of the digestive tract, and its primary function is to reabsorb _____. Solid waste is stored in the ________, before exiting the body through the _______.

water; rectum; anus

The lipid digestion assay utilized a pH indicator dye. Why?

Creation of fatty acids will lower the pH of the solution.

Start of Chapter 6

chapter 6

A synthetic "cell" is made out of semi-permeable dialysis tubing, and it is filled with 10% sucrose. It is placed into a beaker containing a 5% sucrose solution. What will happen to the cell?

The cell will gain weight as it takes on water.

Diffusion is ...

the movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

In the red blood cell experiment, it was observed that urea is able to cross the cell membrane and, therefore, is a penetrating solute. What are the osmolarity and tonicity of a solution with 0.5M Osm urea? The osmolarity of a cell is 0.3 Osm.

Hyperosmotic; hypotonic