Real USHOSTRY final

What is imperialism?

The policy of stronger nations taking control of weaker ones for resources markets and military power

Why did some Americans support imperialism?

They wanted new markets a stronger navy and to compete with European empires

Why did some Americans oppose imperialism?

They believed it violated American ideals of democracy and self‑rule

What did the US want from Hawaii economically?

Sugar and pineapple from large plantations

What did President McKinley do related to expansion?

He annexed Hawaii and led the US during the Spanish‑American War

What was President Cleveland’s view on Hawaii?

He opposed the overthrow of the queen and rejected annexation

Who was Sanford Dole?

Leader of the provisional Hawaiian government who pushed for US annexation

Who was the last queen of Hawaii?

Queen Liliʻuokalani

Why is 1898 important in US history?

Year of the Spanish‑American War and annexation of Hawaii

What was the Open Door Policy?

US policy calling for equal trading rights in China for all nations

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Chinese nationalist uprising against foreign influence and missionaries

Why did Theodore Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906?

For negotiating peace in the Russo‑Japanese War

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine claiming the US could intervene in Latin America

Why was the USS Maine important?

Its explosion in Havana Harbor helped spark the Spanish‑American War

Who were the Rough Riders?

Volunteer cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish‑American War

How did the US gain the Philippine Islands?

Through the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish‑American War

Who was José Martí?

Cuban poet and revolutionary who inspired the fight for independence from Spain

What was the Yellow Press?

Sensational newspapers that exaggerated stories to push the US toward war with Spain

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

Filipino independence leader who fought Spain and later the US

Who was General Weyler?

Spanish general who used harsh concentration camps in Cuba

Who was John Hay?

US Secretary of State who promoted the Open Door Policy in China

What did the Treaty of Paris 1898 do?

Ended the Spanish‑American War and gave the US Guam Puerto Rico and the Philippines

Who were the Triple Entente?

France Russia and Britain

Who were the Allies in WWI?

France Britain Russia later joined by the US and others

What were the four MAIN causes of WWI?

Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

What event sparked WWI?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Bosnia

What is trench warfare?

Fighting from long dug‑out trenches causing stalemates and heavy casualties

Where was the Western Front located?

In France and Belgium

Where was the Eastern Front located?

Between Germany and Russia

Why was the US neutral at the start of WWI?

Tradition of staying out of European wars and divided public opinion

Why was the Lusitania important?

Its sinking by a German U‑boat killed Americans and increased calls for war

What was unrestricted submarine warfare?

Germany’s policy of sinking ships without warning in war zones

What was the Zimmerman Note?

A German message urging Mexico to attack the US in exchange for lost land

What did the Selective Service Act do?

Created a draft to build the US army for WWI

What was the War Industries Board?

Agency that coordinated industrial production for the war effort

What was the Committee on Public Information?

Government agency that used propaganda to support the war

What did the Espionage and Sedition Acts do?

Limited free speech and punished criticism of the war or government

What was the Great Migration?

Movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities for jobs

What were Wilson’s 14 Points?

President Wilson’s plan for a fair peace and the League of Nations

What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany?

Blamed Germany for the war and forced reparations and territory loss

What was the War Guilt Clause?

Part of the treaty that placed full responsibility for WWI on Germany

What is the NAACP?

A civil rights organization that fights racial discrimination

Who was Charles Lindbergh?

The first person to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean

What were major causes of the Great Depression?

Overproduction speculation stock market crash and bank failures

What was the Red Scare?

A period of fear of communism spreading in the US

Who was Karl Marx?

Philosopher who founded communist ideology

What happened to factories during the Depression?

Many closed or cut production and workers due to low demand

Why did many banks close during the Depression?

People rushed to withdraw money and banks had no insurance or reserves

What happened to the stock market in 1929?

It crashed on Black Tuesday leading to huge financial losses

What does buying on margin mean?

Buying stocks with borrowed money hoping prices would rise

What happened to many farms during the Depression?

Low crop prices and drought ruined farmers and forced them off land

What was Black Tuesday?

The day the stock market crashed on October 29 1929

Who was Herbert Hoover?

President when the Great Depression began often blamed for not doing enough

What was the Dust Bowl?

Severe drought and dust storms that destroyed farms in the Great Plains

What were Hoovervilles?

Shantytowns of homeless people named to criticize Hoover

What was the Hawley‑Smoot Tariff Act?

Law that raised tariffs and worsened the global depression

What was the Federal Home Loan Bank Act?

Law that lowered mortgage rates to help people keep their homes

Who were the Bonus Army?

WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding early bonus payments

What happened in the 1932 election?

Franklin D Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover

Who was FDR?

President who created the New Deal to fight the Great Depression

What were Relief Reform and Recovery?

The three main goals of the New Deal programs

What is deficit spending?

When the government spends more money than it collects in taxes

What was the bank holiday?

Temporary closing of banks to restore confidence and stabilize the system

Who was Frances Perkins?

First female cabinet member and Secretary of Labor under FDR

What was the main goal of the New Deal?

To provide jobs aid and reforms to end the Depression and prevent another

What is fascism?

A political system with a dictator extreme nationalism and suppression of opposition

Who were major totalitarian leaders in WWII?

Hitler in Germany Mussolini in Italy Stalin in the USSR and Tojo in Japan

What event brought Britain and France into WWII?

Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939

How did the Treaty of Versailles help cause WWII?

It punished and humiliated Germany creating anger and desire for revenge

What was the non‑aggression pact between Germany and the USSR?

Agreement not to attack each other and to divide Poland

What is genocide?

The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire group of people

What was the Battle of Britain?

Air battle where Britain resisted German bombing and invasion

What was the main reason the US entered WWII?

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

What was the Holocaust?

Nazi Germany’s genocide of Jews and other groups

What is blitzkrieg?

“Lightning war” using fast coordinated attacks by planes tanks and infantry

What is appeasement?

Giving in to an aggressor’s demands to avoid conflict

What happened at Pearl Harbor?

Japan launched a surprise attack on the US naval base in Hawaii on December 7 1941

Who were the Allies and Axis powers in WWII?

Allies: US Britain USSR Axis: Germany Italy Japan

What was the Office of Price Administration?

Agency that controlled prices and rationing to prevent inflation

Who were the Nisei?

Japanese Americans many of whom were placed in internment camps

Who was the commander of US forces in Europe?

General Dwight D Eisenhower

What was D‑Day?

Allied invasion of Nazi‑occupied France on June 6 1944

What was the war in the Pacific like for the US?

Island‑hopping campaign to get closer to Japan

What was the Manhattan Project?

Secret US program to develop the atomic bomb

What was the War Production Board?

Agency that directed factories to produce war materials

What is the United Nations?

International organization created after WWII to promote peace and cooperation

Who was J Robert Oppenheimer?

Lead scientist of the Manhattan Project

Where were atomic bombs used in WWII?

On the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What was Japanese American internment?

Forced relocation and imprisonment of Japanese Americans during WWII

Who was President when the atomic bomb was dropped?

Harry S Truman

What was the Yalta Conference?

Meeting of the Big Three to plan postwar Europe

What was Executive Order 9066?

Order that authorized the internment of Japanese Americans

Who made the final decision to drop the atomic bomb?

President Harry S Truman

Who were the “Big Three” in WWII?

Roosevelt Churchill and Stalin