Science Test

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, a molecule that carries genetic information.

RNA

Ribonucleic Acid, a molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Double Helix

The structure of DNA, consisting of two strands coiled around each other.

Nucleotide

The building block of DNA and RNA, comprising a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Chargaff's Rule

Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine in DNA; Adenine pairs with Uracil and Cytosine pairs with Guanine in RNA.

mRNA

Messenger RNA, which carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.

tRNA

Transfer RNA, which transfers amino acids during protein synthesis.

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA, which forms part of ribosomes.

Phosphodiester Bond

The bond that connects the sugar and phosphate of adjacent nucleotides in a strand.

Transcription

The process of copying DNA into RNA.

Translation

The process by which mRNA is used to synthesize proteins at the ribosome.

Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA.

Chromosome

A long, coiled DNA molecule that carries genetic information.

Allele

Different forms of a gene.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits or diseases.