Education, Social Hierarchy, and Early Nationalism (Notes Page 1-2)

Vocabulary flashcards derived from lecture notes on education, racial hierarchy, and early resistance/revolts in the Philippines under Spanish rule.

Education as status symbol

Education was considered a privilege and social symbol, not a guaranteed right.

Educational Decree of 1863

Introduced a system of primary education that opened opportunities to Filipinos for higher learning.

Fr. Manuel Blanco

First Filipino scientist; known as the Prince of Botanists.

Flora de Filipinas

Blanco’s botanical work identifying Philippine plant species.

Flora de Filipinas (1837 publication)

Book published in 1837 identifying about 1,200 plant species in the Philippines.

Friar control of education

Education was controlled by religious orders which founded the first schools and colleges.

University of Santo Tomas (UST)

First university in the Philippines, founded in 1611.

College of San Ignacio

First college for boys in 1589.

College of Santa Potenciana

First college for girls in 1594.

Peninsulares

Full-blooded Spaniards born in Spain.

Insulares

Full-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines.

Tornatras

Person of mixed Spanish, Chinese and Austronesian (Filipino) descent.

Mestizo de Español

Person of mixed Spanish and Austronesian (Filipino) descent.

Mestizo de Sangley

Person of mixed Spanish and Chinese and Austronesian (Filipino) descent.

Sangley

Full-blooded Chinese.

Indio

Full-blooded Austronesian (Filipino).

Illustrados

Middle class Filipinos educated in Europe.

Early Resistance to Spanish Rule

Initial uprisings signaling the birth of Filipino nationalism.

Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt

Early revolt against Spanish rule led by Lakandula and Sulayman.

Magalat's Revolt

Revolt led by Magalat against Spanish authorities.

Sumoroy's Rebellion

Rebellion led by Sumoroy against Spain.

Maniago's Revolt

Revolt led by Maniago against the Spaniards.

Diego Silang's Revolt

Ilocano-led revolt by Diego Silang against Spain.

Gabriela Silang's Revolt

Resistance led by Gabriela Silang after Diego Silang’s death.

Palaris Revolt

Revolt led by Palaris in northern Luzon.

Basi Revolt

Revolt tied to the production and taxation around Basi wine.

Tamblot's Revolt

Religious uprising led by Tamblot in Bohol.

Bankaw's Revolt

Religious uprising led by Bankaw in Limasawa.

Tapar's Revolt

Religious uprising linked to Tapar's cult in Panay.

Dagohoy's Revolt

Long-running rebellion in Bohol led by Dagohoy.

Revolt of Hermano Pule

Religious uprising led by Hermano Pule against Spain.

Lavesari's disregard of Legazpi's promise

Lavesari’s breach of Legazpi’s pledge to recognize patrimonial lands of Tondo’s kings.

Palapag, Samar shipyard labor order

Government order sending Palapag residents to work in Cavite shipyards.

Hatred of bandala

Opposition to bandala, the colonial forced tribute.

Recruitment of Pampanganos for timber

Forced recruitment of Pampangan people to supply timber for galleon construction.

Silang's imprisonment resentment

Gabriela Silang’s resentment over Diego Silang’s imprisonment and push to end the hated tribute in Vigan.

Assassination of Diego Silang

The murder of Diego Silang; Gabriela Silang continued the resistance.

Hatred of excessive tribute and abusive officials from Binalatongan

Grievances against high tribute and abusive local officials from Binalatongan.

Prohibition of home-made wine in Pidding

Policy banning home-made wine in Pidding, Ilocos Norte due to monopoly.

Tamblot's exhortation to return to old faith

Tamblot urged Booholano to revert to indigenous beliefs.

Bankaw's defense of traditional religion in Limasawa

Bankaw promoted traditional religious practices in Limasawa.

Killing of followers of Tapar's cult

Friar-led killing of Tapar’s followers in Oton, Panay.

Liquidation of Fr. Giuseppe Lamberti

Death of Fr. Giuseppe Lamberti and other priests after burial dispute with Dagohoy’s family.

Persecution of Cofradia de San Jose followers

Harassment of followers of the Cofradia de San Jose movement.

Apolinario dela Cruz

Founder of the Cofradia de San Jose religious movement.

Cofradia de San Jose

Religious movement led by Apolinario dela Cruz.

Legazpi's promise regarding patrimonial lands

Legazpi’s pledge to recognize the patrimonial lands of the kings of Tondo.

Patrimonial lands of the kings of Tondo

Lands claimed as heritage/patrimony by the rulers of Tondo.

Bandala

Forced tribute system used by colonial authorities.

Galleons

Spanish ships whose construction relied on local timber; a driver of labor demands.