Genome Sequencing & HGP Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts and facts from the lecture on genome sequencing and its associated technologies.

What is whole genome sequencing?

The process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

How many human genomes have been sequenced to date?

More than 500,000 human genomes.

What was the first genome ever sequenced?

Phage X174.

Name one of the first eukaryotic organisms whose genome was sequenced.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast).

What does a DNA library consist of?

A comprehensive collection of cloned DNA fragments from a cell, tissue, or organism.

What are the two types of DNA libraries?

1) Genomic DNA library, 2) cDNA library.

What is a cDNA library?

A collection of all the expressed DNA of a particular cell type or tissue under specific conditions.

What enzyme is used in the creation of cDNA from mRNA?

Reverse transcriptase.

What was the completion year of the Human Genome Project?

2003.

What were the main goals of the Human Genome Project?

1) Identify all genes in human DNA, 2) Determine sequences of the 3 billion base pairs, 3) Store genome information, 4) Improve tools for data analysis, 5) Address ethical issues.

What are the three generations of DNA sequencing technologies?

1) First Generation: Sanger Sequencing, 2) Second Generation: Illumina, 3) Third Generation: PacBio and Oxford Nanopore.

What is the cost and time required today to sequence a human genome?

Less than $1,000 and takes only a day or two.

What is the estimated number of protein-coding genes in the human genome?

Around 21,306 protein-coding genes.

What was the purpose of the public Human Genome Project's volunteer DNA sequencing?

To decode human hereditary information and improve medical science.

What percentage of mRNA is included in a cDNA library?

Only the part of the genome that has been transcribed.

What was a significant outcome of the Human Genome Project?

It served as a reference sequence for future genomic studies.