H&I 3: Pop Health- Population, community, and public health nursing

definition of a population

groups of people, who may or may not interact with each other, but who have common health concerns and needs

examples of populations

-ppl experiencing eviction

-people of same age

-disabilities

-same medical diagnosis

-same class

-same occupation

-same country

-same race/ethnicity

-LGBTQ community

what is population health

field of study that focuses on the health needs of a specific group of people

what is different about population health

-addresses health needs of entire groups

-affected by factors influencing individuals, families, neighborhoods, communities, and society

key elements of a population health approach

-focus on health of overall population

-attention to determinants of health and their interactions

-decision making based on scientific evidence of health status, health determinants, and effectiveness of interventions

-upstream investment in strategies that maintain and promote health and address root causes of health and illness

-application of multiple strategies

-collaboration across sectors and levels of society

nightingales environmental theory

established connection between the environment and health

-used data to understand mortality during crimean war

population definition

groups of people who may or may not interact with each other but who have common health concerns and needs

what are the key elements of a population health approach

-focus on health of overall population

-attention to social determinants of health and their interactions

-decision making based on evidence

-upstream investment in strategies that address root causes of illness

what are health outcomes

-anything that might indicate health or well-being of a population

-could include measures of illness, aspects of health, quality of life, etc

examples of health outcomes

-cardiovascular disease

-HIV

-depression/suicidality

-covid 19

-infant mortality

-childhood lead poisoning

-asthma

examples of how health outcomes are measured

-CVD= # of deaths

-HIV= # of new infections

-depression/suicidality= # of diagnoses

-covid 19= # of hospitalizations

-infant mortality= # of deaths

-childhood lead poisoning= blood lead levels

-asthma= ED visits

why are health outcomes important

by looking at certain health outcomes, we can learn about the overall health of the population to ensure treatment is happening fairly

-many populations are experiencing high burdens of disease that are preventable

what are health disparities

preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations

what causes disparities in health outcomes among certain populations

social determinants of health

what are social determinants of health

non-medical environmental conditions such as place of birth, age, and community where living, learning, playing, and working that influence health, functioning, and quality of lfie

what are the 5 categories of SDOH

-economic stability

-access to and quality of education

-access to and quality of health care

-neighborhood and built environment

-social and community context

what is epidemiology

the study of the causes of health outcomes

what is systemic racism

policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization, and that result in and support a continued unfair advantage to some people and unfair or harmful treatment of others based on race

what is the world health organization commission on social determinants of health (WHO CSDH)

-outlines social determinants of health and explains how they work to impact health outcomes

WHO conceptual framework for action on social determinants of health

social determinants of health diagram

what is public health

a field of study that focuses on improving and protecting the health of a population through health promotion and disease prevention

-government policies and actions whose goals are to improve the health of entire populations, primarily through preventive measures such as health information; immunization programs; and water, food, and environmental safety

what is community health

field of study on improving the health of a group, usually within a specific geographic area, like a neighborhood

-community health nurses work in the community directly, often at various clinics or agencies and sometimes with other specific populations

population health compared to public and community health

a field of study that focuses on the health needs of a specific group of people

-rather than considering the health of one person at a time

components of population health

-US health system shifted with affordable care act

-focus on improving outcomes among populations and reducing disparities

-hospitals have vested interest

components of community health

-informed by pop health concepts

-specific work in communities

-community health assessments

concepts of public health

government role in health of people

-prevent epidemics and spread of disease

-assures quality and accessibility of health services

who does the affordable care act focus on

populations:

-age

-kids

-medicare patients

-diagnosis based

what are the 3 core public health functions

1. Assessment

2. Policy Development

3. Assurance

public health 10 essential services

1. monitor health

2. diagnose and investigate

3. inform, educate, empower

4. mobilize community partnership

5. develop policies

6. enforce laws

7. link to/provide care

8. assure a competent workforce

9. evaluate

10. research

components of healthy people 2030

-attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death

-eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all

-create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all vital conditions

example of healthy people 2030 objective

-reduce rate of infant deaths

-reduce bullying of transgender students