Chemistry 2.6- Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution

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1
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What metal-aqua ions are formed in aqueous solution?

  • [Cu(H2O)6] 2+

  • [Fe(H2O)6] 2+

  • [Fe(H2O)6] 3+

  • [Al(H2O)6] 3+

2
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Why are some metal-aqua ions more acidic than others?

  • [M(H2O)6] 3+ complexes are more acidic than [M(H2O)6] 2+ complexes

  • This is because 3+ ions are smaller and so have a higher charge density, meaning they can attract the water ligands more closely

  • This weakens the O-H bonds resulting in more dissociation, producing a more acidic solution

3
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How are some metal hydroxides amphoteric?

  • Aluminium hydroxide, [Al(OH)3(H2O)3], is an amphoteric compound because it reacts with both acids and bases

With HCl:

  • [Al(OH)3(H2O)3] + 3HCl → [Al(H2O)6] 3+ + 3Cl-

With NaOH:

  • [Al(OH)3(H2O)3] + NaOH → [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + Na+ + H2O

4
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What are the reactions and colours of the metal aqua-ions with OH-, NH3, CO32-, and HCl (including excess)?

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