Term list for Chapter 2 Vocabulary Quiz -BIOat

no word bank on the fill in the blank quiz

atom

• smallest unit of an element.

• major parts: Proton (+) , Neutron (no charge) , Electron (-)

compound

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more element in definite proportions.

molecule

smallest unit of most compounds

adhesion

attraction between molecules of different substances.

solvent

the substance in which the solute dissolves (ex:water)

base

a compound that produces hydroxidde (OH^-) ions in a solution.

carbohydrate

• compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms.

• ratio of 1:2:1

• monosacccharide (monomer)

• disaccharides(dimer)

• polysacccharides (polymer)

nucleotide

• monomers in nucleic acid

• subunit of nucleic acids

  • sugar

  • phosphate

  • nitrogenous base

nucleus

protons and neutrons bound together by forces.

ionic bond

• one atoms gives electron (or two or three) to another.

• fills orbital of one and empties the partial orbital o the other

• giver is positive, taker is negative

• opposite charges attract

hydrogen bond

the attraction between a hydrogen atom with partial positive charge and another atom with partial negative charge

mixture

a material composed of two or more elements/compounds that are physically mixed together but NOT chemically combined.

suspension

mixtures of water and undissolved substances

buffer

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

monosaccharide

single sugar molecules

protein

macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

electron

• part of an element

• negatively charged

ion

positively and negatively charged atoms

cohesion

attraction of molecules of the same substances

solution

• mix of a solvent and solute- evenly distributed

• when ionically bonded molecules dissolve in a solution them break apart and exist in the water as charged ions

pH

• measure of amount of hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydroxide ions (OH^-) that would form if the substance was dissolved in water

• scale of 0-14, 7= neutral

  • >7 is base (basic or alkaline)

  • <7 is acid (acidic)

• each number from 7, + or -, equals 10x more ions

monomer

• smaller unit of macromolecules

• make up polymers

• dimer- two monomers chained together

lipidd

• large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water

• fats,oils,waxes,steriods

• non-polar

• saturated-single bonds, solid @ room temp

• unsaturated- one or more double bonds, liquid @ room temp

• usage: energy storage, membranes

amino acid

• compounds with an amino group (-NH₂) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end

• protein subunit

element

a pure substance that consists entirely of one

covalent bond

• 2 atoms SHARE an electron with each other, the shared electron circles around both atoms.

• ex:water

• sometimes atoms share with others to fill up their shells.

solute

substance that gets dissolved

acid

any compound that forms H⁺ ions in a solution

polymer

• large compounds formed by joining smaller ones(monomers) together

nucleic acid

• macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

• stores and transfers genetic info

• subunit = nucleotides

polar

• has a charge (not evenly shared)

• molecule in which the electrons are not shared equally giving one side of atom a positive charge and the other a negative charge

polysaccharide

• polymer of carbohydrates

• chain of connected sugars