L3 - Drugs acting on Cardio-Vascular System

RBC

carries Hemoglobin and consists of heme and globin

Heme

contains 4 iron groups

Globin

made up of 1 protein composed of 4 amino acids

Hematinic

Increases the Hgb content of the blood

Anti-anemic Drug

Hematinic is also known as

RBC

increase in Hgb also increases __

Iron, B12, Folic acid, Erythropoietic co factors, Anabolic steroids

What are the 5 examples of Hematinic drugs

Iron

Tx for iron deficiency anemia in piglets and menstruating women

day 3

on what day do you inject iron to iron deficiency anemia tx

B12

used for RBC maturation

<120 days

B12 deficiency results to RBC lifespan of how many days?

Maturation Failure Anemia

B12 deficiency results to what anemia?

Pernicious anemia

Abundance of B12 results to what anemia?

Intrinsic factor

which factor allows absorption of B12 in the intestines?

No absorption

In Pernicious anemia, there are abundance of B12 but the intestines lack the intrinsic factor, what happens to B12?

Erythropoietic co-factors

allows bone marrow to procude more RBCs

Copper and Cobalt

Give 2 examples of Erythropoietic co-factors

direct

Erythropoietic co-factors has no __ effect on bone marrow, but rather aids it to produce more RBCs

slows down

What happens to the erythropoiesis when there’s a lack of Erythropoietic co-factors?

Anabolic steroid

increases oxygen intake of muscles

Hemostatics

control bleeding/ stops coagulation of blood

Thrombin oxidized cellulose, Thromboplastin, epinephrine , Fibrinogen, Styptics, Gelatin sponge

Give 6 examples of Topical Hemostatic substances

Thrombin oxidized cellulose

gauze-like material that provides a surface for clot formation

Surgicel

Give 1 example of Thrombin oxidized cellulose

Thromboplastin

triggers the clotting process

converting Prothrombin to Thrombin

How does Thromboplastin trigger the clotting process?

acceleration of blood clot formation

What happens when you convert Prothrombin to Thrombin?

Epinephrine

vasoconstrictor that narrows blood vessels, reducing blood flow and controlling bleeding

Epistaxis

Epinephrine is particularly effective for __ and during surgeries.

nosebleeds

Other term for epistaxis

Fibrinogen

often used in combination with Thrombin in Fibrin Sealants to promote hemostasis during surgery

blood plasma protein

In Fibrinogen, _____ is converted into Fibrin during clot formation

Gelatin sponge

porous, absorbable material that is placed directly on bleeding tissue to absorb blood and provide a scaffold for clot formation

surgical

Gelatin sponge swells to help apply pressure and stop bleeding, commonly used in ___ procedures

Styptics

stop minor bleeding by constricting blood vessels and promoting clotting

blood vessels

Styptics are applied on ___

liquid or powder

Styptics are available in these 2 forms:

iodine, silver nitrate, ferric sulfate, tannic acid, gentian violet

Give 5 examples of Styptics

wound sprays

silver nitrate are usually used on ___

tranexamic acid

tannic acid is also called

coagulation, clogging

Stryptics are made-up of chemical where it cause ___ and ___ of platelets

Topical Hemostatic

substances that stops bleeding coming from small and superficial blood vessels

Systemic Hemostatic

substances where bleeding comes from large and deep blood vessels.

Blood, Vitamin K, Protamine sulfate

Give 3 examples of Systemic Hemostatic substances

Vitamin K and Protamine sulfate

What are the 2 alternatives for blood transfusion

Vitamin K

necessary for hepatic synthesis of some coagulation factors

II, VII, IX and X

Vitamin K is necessary for hepatic synthesis of which specific coagulation factors?

Vitamin K1

Vitamin K that is produced by plants

Phytonadione

Vitamin K1 is also called

Vitamin K2

Vitamin K that is produced by gram+ bacteria

Menadione

Vitamin K2 is also called

Vitamin K3

Vitamin K that is synthetic

Menaquinone

Vitamin K3 is also called

Protamine sulfate

a protein portion of the fish sperm (milt)

Anticoagulants, Fibrinolytics, Antithrombotic

What are the 3 types of Anti-Hemostatics

Anticoagulants

interferes with clotting cascade

in-vivo and in-vitro

2 types of anticoagulants

In-vivo

type of anticoagulant used for live animals and blood transfusions

Heparin, ACD, Sodium citrate

Give 3 examples of In-vivo anticoagulants

In-vitro

type of anticoagulant used for laboratory test only

Heparin, ACD, Sodium citrate, Ca EDTA, Oxalate, Double oxalate

Give 6 examples of Anticoagulants

Acid Citrate Dextrose

ACD stands for

Fibrinolytics

increase the activity of plasma or fibrinolysin which is responsible for dissolving clots (breakdown of fibrin and thrombus)

Streptokinase, Streptodornase, Urokinase, Alteplase, Reteplase

Give 4 examples of Fibrinolytics

Thrombolytic

Fibrinolytics is also known as

Anti-Thrombotic

Anti-Hemostatic affecting platelets activity (no problem sa ugat pero may blood clot)

Anti-Platelet

Anti-Thrombotic is also called

DIC

used for stroke patient

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

DIC stands for

Aspirin and other NSAID, Dipyridamole, Clopidogrel, Triclopidine

Give 4 examples of Anti-Thrombotic

Aspirin

Tx for stroke

Clopidogrel

for diabetes used as blood thinner

Inotropes

increase the strength of heart muscle contraction

Cardiac Glycoside

an example of this drug acting on the cardiovascular system is Digitalis

foxglove

where did Digitalis came from

Digitalis purpurea

scientific name of foxglove

Digitalis

inhibits the membrane bound N-K-AT pase pump

negative chromotropic

Digitalis has also a ___ effect due to decrease Conduction velocity in the AV node

vagal activity

Digitalis also potentiates ___ in the heart

Digitoxin, Gitoxin, Gitalis

3 preparations of D. purpurea

Digitoxin, Digoxin, Gitoxin

3 preparations of D. lanta

Strophantidin, Oubain

2 preparations of Strophantus gratus and S. kombe

cats

this species are more sensitive to digoxin than dogs

Digoxin

is the drug of choice, except in animal with renal disease

digitoxin

in animal with renal disease, this is the drug that should be used

diuresis

Cardiac Glycosides has ___ effect (para sa mahina ang pintig ng puso)

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

inhibit the breakdown of camp and therefore increase the intracellular camp result to increase heart contractility

Non-Glycoside, Non-Catecholamine

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors are also called

Milrinone

is the drug of choice in dogs with congestive heart failure

digitalis

Milrinone is use as alternative of refractory to ___

Sildenafil

with vasodilation effect and use for pulmonary hypertension

Theophylline, Aminophylline, Amrinone, Milrinone, Sildenafil

Give 5 examples of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

B-Adrenergic Agonist

increase heart- contractility by stimulating adenyl cyclase and increase camp

Dopamine, Dobutamine, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol

Give the 4 examples of B-Adrenergic Agonist

Epinephrine

is only use for emergency treatment of cardiac arrest

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor

Converting enzyme inhibition

Captopril, Enalapril, Benazepril, Ramipril

Give 4 examples of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor

Ramipril

aside from its use in heart disease, it is also beneficial for chronic renal failure

Tranexamic acid, Aminocaproic acid, Aprotinin

Give 3 examples of Anti-Fibrinolytic

Anti-Arrhythmics

for irregular heartbeat (arrhythmic)