minorities, crime, and social policies exam 1 review

Which of the following were included in the definition of justice during class lectures?

a balance between people and things

3 multiple choice options

According to the video entitled "Violence: An American Tradition," we have accurately identified he root causes of violence and developed effective strategies to significantly reduce the likelihood of continued violence in our society.

false

not found

According to the video entitled Violence: An American Tradition, the reference to "the Rule of Thumb" can be described as?

all of the above

3 multiple choice options

According to the documentary Violence: An American Tradition, who were he first victims of violence in America?

native americans/american indians

3 multiple choice options

According to class lectures and materials, which of the following is not true regarding the concept '"Back Crimmythology" ?

black crimmythology is a term coined by Dr. Cornel West

3 multiple choice options

According to class lectures and discussions, which of the following best describes the oval overall and complexity of our contemporary challenges in dealing with the ongoing issues of inequality, rim, sexism, ethnocentrism, homophobia, and other types of discrimination?

inherited dilemmas

3 multiple choice options

According to class lectures and discussion it is generally recognized today that "criminal behavior" is

a social construct

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are parts of the DDT principle as discussed in class?

all of the above

3 multiple choice options

According to class lectures, Culture can be described as the artificial secondary environment that humans impose on

the things that humans have not created and nature

3 multiple choice options

According to "An Anatomy of Inherited Dilemmas" there are four essential features of ethnic suffering. Two of these are (a) negative quality and (b) transgenerational. What are the other two features?

none of the above

According to class lectures, there are no fundamental differences between "change and "correction" as proposed strategies for social change.

false

1 multiple choice option

According to class lectures and readings, for almost every measure of social dysfunction, the Black rate exceeds the White rate. This phenomenon illustrates which of the following concepts discusses in class?

most of the worst, least of the best

3 multiple choice options

what does erasure refer to in the context of history?

the loss or suppression of memories and stories

what is the rule of thumb law?

the belief that a man could beat his wife with a stick no thicker than his thumb

how are indentured servants different from enslaves people?

indentured servants worked to pay off a debt or favor for a set time, while slavery treated humans as chattel (property) that could be sold or used indefinitely

how did slavery mutate after abolition?

although the 13th amendment abolished slavery, systems like Jim Crow laws and prison labor kept forms of control and bondage alive

what is human trafficking?

the exploitation of people for purposes such as sexual extortion or forced labor, treating them as objects to use

how did plantations evolve into prisons?

some argued that prisons became a modern way to control and hold people in bondage, similar to plantations

how has gun violence been portrayed in american culture?

it has been glamorized, tied to masculinity and freedom, and celebrated in media

what is the difference between conflict resolution and conflict reduction?

resolution means solving the conflict, reduction means lessening its severity without necessarily solving it

what role has media played in violence?

media often glorifies violent figures, turning them into celebrities and inspiring copycats

what societal dilemmas are highlighted in violence: an american tradition?

colonial/indigenous violence, racial oppression, romanticized outlaws, intergenerational domestic abuse, and mob violence/lynching

how does intergenerational domestic violence impact families?

trauma and abuse are passed down, shaping identity, choices, and family relationships for generations

what is culture?

anything humans create to enhance survival and well-being, including material and immaterial products

what is objective reality?

what exists outside the human mind (trees, rivers)

what is objectivated reality?

what humans create (hospitals, clothes, laws)

what is oppression?

a system of economic, social, and political exploitation that keeps a group in power by disadvantaging others

according to MLK Jr., what is worse than oppression itsself?

the silence of good people - quietism

what is the difference between race and ethnicity?

race is a social construct based on physical traits, while ethnicity is broader and includes culture, traditions, religion, and nationality

what is diversity?

a descriptive difference between groups; it doesnt inherently increase or decrease discrimination

what is justice?

balance between people and things; righteousness, fairness, and equity among individuals, groups, and institutions

what does power to define/label mean?

those in power can shape meaning through language, influencing how other are perceived

what is assimilation?

becoming the dominant group

what is integration?

merging equally

what is pluralism?

celebrating difference without erasing it

what does conceptual incarceration mean?

mental control that makes people accept their oppression without being forced - as decsribed by Carter G. Woodson

what is collective consciousness?

the idea "i am because we are' - identity and freedom are oinked to the group, not just the individual

how has masculinity historically been tied to violence?

masculinity was associated with control, aggression, and the use of violence

what are mediums for masculinity in society?

media, news, television, and social media, which shape perceptions of masculinity and violence

how does substance abuse connect to violence?

alcohol and drugs fuel cycles of violence, both historically (wild west, prohibition) and today (family addiction cycles)

what strategies exist to break cycles of family dysfunction and violence?

stricter laws, rehabilitation programs, prevention efforts in schools, therapy, and changing harmful narratives

what is the objective perspective of oppression?

comes from institutional structures (human-created)

what is the subjective perspective of oppression?

comes from belief/value systems (culture)

what is post-enlightened oppressed?

reject oppression; believe it doesn't exist (objective perspective)

what is pre-enlightened oppressed?

accept oppression; know it exists but don't seek institutional change

what is the two category system?

superior vs inferior; creates gross imbalance of power

what are the types of suffering?

maldistribution, negative suffering, positive suffering, enormous, non- catastrophic, and transgenerational

what is maldistrubuted suffering?

suffering targets certain groups

what is negative suffering?

harmful, not needed for well-being

what is positive suffering?

suffering that benefits society's well-being (e.g., drinking laws prevent underage alcoholism)

what is enormous suffering?

suffering that impacts many people in disadvantage groups

what is non-catastrophic suffering?

occurs over time, not all at once

what is transgenerational suffering?

passed across generations

what is the worms eye view of oppression?

the perspective of the oppressed, seeing only from the group up

what is the birds eye view of oppression?

the perspective of the elite, with institutional advantages and broad vision

what is liberation theology?

toxin = oppression, antitoxin = liberation theology

what was Peter Berger's perspective on oppression?

oppression removes human choice, power, and authority; the objective perspective is just the effect of institutionalized oppression

how did Jane Eyre explain quietism?

people believe social change is inappropriate because god intended things to be this way

what is powerism?

the belief that power is neutral, neither good nor bad

what is anti-powerism?

the belief that power is inherently evil and negative, even for oppressed groups

what are the 5 implications for strategies of social change?

1. attack both beliefs/values (conceptual) and institutions

2. understand liberation theology

3. abandon certain faith views that justify oppression

4. shoft worldviews to see oppression as negative and fixable

5. correct gross imbalances of power

what are the 3 denials of oppression?

oppression does not exist, im not responsible, recommend an ineffective strategy or solution that maintains oppression

what are the 3 forms of legitimation?

god, nature, blaming the victim