Unit 2: Population and Migration - AP Human Geography 2024-25

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Bracero Program

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44 Terms

1

Bracero Program

In the 1940s, the US government encourages Mexicans to come to the US and work as contract laborers.

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refugee camps

a temporary settlement built to receive refugees.

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remittances

the money migrants send home

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reverse remittances

money that migrant’s families in their home country send to working migrants

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cyclic movement

short, regular trips away from home for defined amount of time

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periodic movement

long periods away from home, but less frequent

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emmigration

the movement of people leaving a place

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8

immigration

the movement of people entering a place

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activity spaces

a daily routine that takes people through a sequence of short moves in a local area

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10

nomadism

a way of life that people who do not continually live in the same place year-round

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transhumance

a system of pastoral farming in which ranchers move livestock according to seasonal availability of pastures

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12

international/transnational migration

movement across country borders

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13

internal migration

migration that occurs within a single countries borders

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forced migration

when push factors drive people out of a place

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voluntary migration

when people choose to leave a place because of pull factors of another place

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human trafficking

an example of forced migration

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examples of human trafficking

sex trafficking, forced labor, recruitment of child soldiers, etc

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arithmetic density

population/total land

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phsilogical density

population/total arable land

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agricultural density

farmers/arable land

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sex ratio

number of resident male births/resident female live births

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dependency ratio

population 0-15/population 65+

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old age dependency ratio

population 65+/population 16-64

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youth dependency ratio

population 0-15/population 16-64

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  1. high stationary growth/skinny pyramid

  2. high birth rate/low death rate

  3. short life expectancy/high IMR

  4. high youth dependency

  5. periphery/agriculture

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term image
  1. early expanding growth/triangle

  2. high birth rate/falling death rate

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term image
  1. late expanding growth/onion

  2. falling birth rate/death rate falls slower

  3. high life expectancy/low IMR

  4. high youth depen/rising elderly depen

  5. increasing industry/secondary

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term image
  1. low stationary growth/box

  2. low birth rate/low death rate

  3. high life expectancy/low IMR

  4. low youth depen/rising elderly depen

  5. service dominated/tertiary

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term image
  1. negative population growth

  2. low birth rate/low death rate

  3. high life expectancy/low IMR

  4. high elderly dependency

  5. service oriented

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30

Epidemiologic Model Stage 1

High stationary; pestilence and famine

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 2

Early Expanding; receding pandemics

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 3

Late Expanding; degenerative and man-made disease

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 4

Low Stationary; delayed degenerative diseases

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 5

Declining; reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases

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Who was Thomas Malthus?

Malthus was a demographer and professor in England. Born 1766.

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Malthusian Theory

Populations grow faster than the amount of food needed to support them.

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Boserup’s Theory

Food supply is affected by population size.

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carrying capacity

the maximum amount of individuals in a species that an environment can sustain for a long time.

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39

anti-natalist

Have less babies

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pronatalist

have more babies

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push factors

things that push a person away from a place

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pull factors

things that draw people into a place

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