Unit 2: Population and Migration - AP Human Geography 2024-25

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Bracero Program

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42 Terms

1

Bracero Program

In the 1940s, the US government encourages Mexicans to come to the US and work as contract laborers.

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refugee camps

a temporary settlement built to receive refugees.

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3

remittances

the money migrants send home

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4

reverse remittances

money that migrant’s families in their home country send to working migrants

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5

cyclic movement

short, regular trips away from home for defined amount of time

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periodic movement

long periods away from home, but less frequent

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emmigration

the movement of people leaving a place

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8

immigration

the movement of people entering a place

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9

activity spaces

a daily routine that takes people through a sequence of short moves in a local area

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10

nomadism

a way of life that people who do not continually live in the same place year-round

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11

transhumance

a system of pastoral farming in which ranchers move livestock according to seasonal availability of pastures

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international/transnational migration

movement across country borders

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13

internal migration

migration that occurs within a single country’s borders

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14

forced migration

when push factors drive people out of a place

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15

voluntary migration

when people choose to leave a place because of pull factors of another place

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human trafficking

an example of forced migration

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examples of human trafficking

sex trafficking, forced labor, recruitment of child soldiers, etc

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arithmetic density

population/total land

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physiological density

population/total arable land

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agricultural density

farmers/arable land

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sex ratio

number of resident male births/number of resident female births

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dependency ratio

population 15-64/0-15+65+

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old age dependency ratio

population 65+/population 16-64

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youth dependency ratio

population 0-15/population 16-64

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<ol><li><p>skinny pyramid</p></li><li><p>high birth rate/low death rate</p></li><li><p>short life expectancy/high IMR</p></li><li><p>high youth dependency</p></li><li><p>periphery/agriculture</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. skinny pyramid

  2. high birth rate/low death rate

  3. short life expectancy/high IMR

  4. high youth dependency

  5. periphery/agriculture

high stationary growth

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<p>early expanding growth</p><p></p>

early expanding growth

  1. triangle

  2. high birth rate/falling death rate

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<p>Late Expanding Growth</p>

Late Expanding Growth

  1. onion dome

  2. falling birth rate/death rate falls slower

  3. high life expectancy/low IMR

  4. high youth depen/rising elderly depen

  5. increasing industry/secondary

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<p>low stationary growth</p>

low stationary growth

  1. box pyramid

  2. low birth rate/low death rate

  3. high life expectancy/low IMR

  4. low youth depen/rising elderly depen

  5. service dominated/tertiary

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<ol><li><p>cup pyramid</p></li><li><p>low birth rate/low death rate</p></li><li><p>high life expectancy/low IMR</p></li><li><p>high elderly dependency</p></li><li><p>service oriented</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. cup pyramid

  2. low birth rate/low death rate

  3. high life expectancy/low IMR

  4. high elderly dependency

  5. service oriented

negative population growth

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30

Epidemiologic Model Stage 1

High stationary; pestilence and famine

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 2

Early Expanding; receding pandemics

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 3

Late Expanding; degenerative and man-made disease

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 4

Low Stationary; delayed degenerative diseases

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Epidemiologic Model Stage 5

Declining; reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases

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35

Who was Thomas Malthus?

Malthus was a demographer and professor in England. Born 1766.

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36

Malthusian Theory

Populations grow faster than the amount of food needed to support them.

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Boserup’s Theory

Food supply is affected by population size.

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38

carrying capacity

the maximum amount of individuals in a species that an environment can sustain for a long time.

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39

anti-natalist

Have less babies

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pronatalist

have more babies

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push factors

things that push a person away from a place

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pull factors

things that draw people into a place

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