Chapter 9: Radiation Protection and Radiobiology

Radiation has sufficient energy to cause?

ejection of electrons from atoms

what are the two sources of ionizing radiation?

natural and manmade

cathode filament uses what units

milliamperage (mA)

potential difference uses what units

kilovoltage peak (kVp)

x-ray tube is a what kind of tube

diode

x-ray beam produced is

heterogenous

energy of beam is expressed in

kilo electron volts (keV)

The SI units were officially adopted in

1985

measures exposure in air and is not used to express absorbed dose to individuals

Roentgen

A measure of ionization in air as result of exposure to x-rays or gamma rays

Roentgen

used to measure energy transferred from radiation to a material

air kerma

what is the total kinetic energy related in a unit mass (kilogram) of air and is measured in joules per kilogram (J/kg)

air kerma

measures the activity of a radioactive material

curie

is the unit of activity equal to 3.7 × 10^10 disintegrations per second

curie

what are the cardinal rules of protection

time, distance and shielding

equivalent dose

the absorbed dose adjusted for the biological effectiveness of the type of radiation. it is used to assess the potential for long-term health effects

effective dose

the sum of the equivalent doses to all organs and tissues, each adjusted for Theo organs sensitivity to radiation. it represents the overall risk to the entire body

what is dosimetry report

a crucial record of a persons radiation exposure from their work environment

what does deep dose equivalent measure

measures whole body exposure at a depth of 1 cm. think of this as the dose to your internal organs

what is lens dose equivalent measure

measures dose to the lends of the eye at a depth of 0.3 cm. the eye is very sensitive to radiation

what does shallow dose equivalent measure

measures dose to the skin and extremities at a depth of 0.007 cm. this is for exposures to the hands, feet or skin