Interspecific Interactions and Adaptations

This set of flashcards covers key points about interspecific interactions, adaptations of predators and prey, and concepts of mimicry in ecology.

What is the interaction type represented by -/-?

Both populations are negatively affected; an example is interspecific competition.

What does the +/- interaction signify?

One population is positively affected while the other is negatively affected; an example is predation.

Define mutualism in the context of interspecific interactions.

Mutualism is a +/+ interaction where both populations benefit.

What is herbivory and how is it classified in interspecific interactions?

Herbivory is a +/- interaction where one organism eats parts of a plant or alga.

What are some adaptations herbivores have for processing vegetation?

Herbivores often develop specialized teeth and digestive systems, such as broad, ridged molars for grinding.

How do plants defend themselves against herbivores?

Plants use physical defenses like thorns and chemical defenses like toxins that are harmful or distasteful to herbivores.

What is predation and how is it classified in interspecific interactions?

Predation is characterized as a +/- interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey.

List one example of predator adaptations.

Predator adaptations include speed and endurance, like those of the North American pronghorn.

What does cryptic coloration refer to in prey adaptations?

Cryptic coloration is a camouflaging mechanism done by prey to avoid detection by predators.

What is Müllerian mimicry?

Müllerian mimicry occurs when harmful species mimic each other as a warning to predators.

What is Batesian mimicry?

Batesian mimicry occurs when a harmless species mimics a harmful one to avoid predation.