Final Exam Review

what is TIA?

transient ischemic attack “mini stroke”

• blood flow to brain is interrupted

proper water temperature

100-105

types of diets

• soft, mechanical or pureed

• liquid

• sodium restricted

• high protein

• carbohydrate controlled or diabetic

• calorie restricted

• heart healthy

• high protein

what does it mean to force fluids?

to urge and encourage patient to drink as much fluid as possible

responsibilities when patient gets admitted

• prepare room

• welcome patient

• look after patient belongings

• measure and record vital signs, weight, and height

• familiarize patient with new surroundings

how to care for patient with dementia

• be consistent, have routine

• schedule when least agitated

• identify and remove triggers

• encourage, don’t rush

• social first, then clinical

stroke

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

• when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, resulting in death of brain cells

seizure

the result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to temporary and involuntary changes in body movement, function, sensation, awareness or behavior.

wound

injury to the skin that often results in a break in the skin surface from either a cut, tear, puncture, or prolonged pressure

infection

disease caused by a pathogen

what is supportive care?

care that will make the person more comfortable but will not prolong the person’s life, such as oxygen therapy, administration of pain medications and personal care; emotional and spiritual support

when a patient is dying, how do you care for that patient?

• provide physical support

• honor patient preferences

• care for emotional, social and spiritual needs

• postmortem care; cleaning and positioning

• bereavement care; those who are grieving

hypertension

increased, high blood pressure

delirium

change in cognition that leads to sudden severe confusion; related to chemical changes in the body

incontinence

the inability to control the release of urine or feces

osteoporosis

disease in which loss of bone tissue causes the bones to become very fragile and

prone to breaking (fracture)

when you provide care for a person who has osteoporosis…?

it is important to focus on safety because they are high risk for falling and fractures

how often should bed linens be changed?

• change all linens immediately if they are wet or soiled

• in most facilities, linens are routinely changed in the morning after bathing, grooming and dressing are completed

vascular dementia

blood supply to the brain is decreased because of damaged blood vessels, which deprive the brain tissue of nutrients and oxygen.

catastrophic reaction

an intense emotional and behavioral outburst over a seemingly small event, such as the inability to answer a short-­ term memory question

chronic pain

lasts for more than 6 months; can be constant or intermittent (off and on)

acute pain

occurs suddenly in response to injury or illness

how do you know patient is in pain?

have the patient rate the pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being “no pain” and 10

being the “worse pain” ever; can also use visual pain scale

acute care

providing care to people who become sick or injured suddenly, or who have other conditions; short term healthcare

sub acute care

special unit of a hospital or nursing home, or a separate facility; less than 30 days

skilled nursing facility

nursing home

hopsice

model of care that focuses on providing comfort care to people who are dying, during the end-­ of-life period; also through the initial stages of grief

signs of patient dying

• rapid, weak, irregular pulse

• decreased blood pressure

• cool, moist, pale skin

• incontinence

• loss of movement and ability to communicate

what does a patient with dementia look like?

• amnesia (without memory)

• aphasia (without speech, communication)

• agnosia (without knowing, recognition)

• apraxia (without doing, task performance)

what is the responsibility of a home health aide?

• assist with bathing, dressing, preparing and eating meals

• moving patient safely in their home

• maintain clean home environment

• help client take medication

• professional boundaries

• client and family setting

battery

actually touching another person in a harmful or unwelcome way

larceny

theft

fraud

lying to gain profit or advantage

what is the most important skill a CNA can have when dealing with death and dying?

being a good listener

classic signs and symptoms of UTI

• pain or a burning sensation when urinating.

• often urgent need to urinate.

• ability to pass only a small amount of urine

• cloudy, dark yellow, and possibly foul-smelling urine.

• mucus or blood in urine

• fever

types of masks

• surgical

• respirator

why are surgical masks used?

provide a barrier that large droplets cannot pass through

when is a respirator used?

when a person is known to have a disease that is caused by very small droplets suspended in the air (aerosols)

types of isolation precautions

• standard

• transmission based

what are transmission based precautions?

based on the pathogen and how that pathogen spreads

when and why do we double bag?

when the outside of a bag is soiled or may have become contaminated or when a contaminated article could puncture the first bag

how to lift safely?

• stand close to the person or object you are lifting

• place feet about 12 inches apart, with one foot slightly in front of the other

• avoid bending over at the waist; bend your knees and keep your back straight

RACE acronym?

during fire emergencies:

R = rescue

A = alarm

C = contain

E = extinguish

how often should we be changing a person’s position?

every 2 hours or according to care plan

which of the six principles does using assistive devices promote?

independence

what is the proper position for providing mouthcare to the unconscious patient?

elevate the head of the bed and turn the person’s head to the side

what is dementia?

used to describe the group of symptoms that occur with a progressive decline in memory and thinking

when transferring from bed to chair or vice versa what position should the person be in before you move them?

high fowlers

why do you need 2 people to operate the Hoyer lift?

because it is according to the manufacturer

when transferring or ambulating a patient what should you be assessing for?

fatigue, pain and any movement difficulties

how often should mouth care be done?

5 times a day: morning, evening, and after every meal

why do we a bath blanket during peri-care?

for privacy

why should we respond to calls for help with toileting promptly?

helps the person maintain normal elimination patterns and prevents falls

what is the proper procedure to empty a colostomy?

locate opening of ostomy and place in bed pan to drain; wipe opening with toilet paper

why is it important to treat all pain complaints as true?

so that symptoms do not get overlooked

what is inventory? why do we do it?

list of patient’s belongings; to keep track of their valuables during admission, discharge, or transferring

who is inventory given to?

the nurse

who does oncology treat?

people with cancer

when feeding someone with paralysis make sure that?

patient is sitting upright

adverse effects of radiation

nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, hair loss, extremely dry skin, skin burns, fatigue

signs and symptoms of delirium

• hallucinations

• wandering

• restlessness

• failure to recognize or remember

• lethargy

• unable to follow instructions

what are behavior triggers in the dementia patient?

• wandering, pacing, hoarding

• inappropriate sexual behaviors

• sundowning

• resisting care

how do we recognize them behavior triggers in dementia patients?

• cognitive losses

• mental health symptoms

• physical conditions

• past personal history

• environments

how and why is a child’s head circumference measured?

to check for brain development and growth; measured with a flexible measuring tape that does not stretch