Introduction to Applied Social Sciences & Counseling - Key Concepts and Theories

Flashcards cover the relationship between Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences, counseling concepts, roles, ethics, client needs, settings, and major theoretical approaches.

What is the primary focus of Social Sciences?

Academic and theoretical study of human society, relationships, and behavior; explains phenomena through theories and research.

What is the primary focus of Applied Social Sciences?

Practical application of Social Science theories and methods to solve real-life problems; interdisciplinary and action-oriented.

Name a Social Science discipline that studies social groups, institutions, and interaction.

Sociology.

Name a Social Science discipline that studies behavior and mental processes.

Psychology.

Name a Social Science discipline that studies power, governance, and politics.

Political Science.

What is the key point of Social Sciences?

To explain and understand phenomena through theories and research.

What is the key point of Applied Social Sciences?

To use knowledge to solve real-life problems and create positive change.

How do Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences connect?

Social Sciences produce knowledge; Applied Social Sciences use that knowledge to design interventions and implement solutions.

Give an example of applying social science knowledge in counseling.

A counselor uses psychology and sociology knowledge to help a student with family-related problems.

What does the phrase 'Knowing' refer to in this context?

Social Sciences – understanding society.

What does the phrase 'Doing' refer to in this context?

Applied Social Sciences – using knowledge to solve problems.

List the contexts influencing counseling.

Family; Peers; Neighborhood/Community; Culture.

Which context refers to the immediate environment shaping adjustment?

Neighborhood/Community.

Which context defines norms and worldview affecting counseling openness?

Culture.

How is counseling different from psychiatry in this course?

Counseling is non-clinical and deals with normal life struggles; psychiatry is clinical/medical.

What are the stages of counseling in order?

Building Relationship; Assessment/Problem Definition; Goal Setting; Intervention/Action; Termination/Evaluation.

Which principle emphasizes dignity, privacy, and autonomy?

Respect.

Which principle emphasizes maintaining professional skills and self-care?

Competence.

Which principle emphasizes trustworthiness, accountability, and avoiding harm?

Responsibility.

Which principle emphasizes honesty, fairness, and avoiding conflicts of interest?

Integrity.

Name a role of a counselor in educational settings.

School counselor.

Name a role of a counselor in the workplace.

HR counselor.

Name a role of a counselor in family settings.

Marriage/Family counselor.

Name a role of a counselor in rehabilitation contexts.

Rehabilitation counselor.

Give one key competency for counselors.

Strong communication and listening skills.

Give another competency for counselors.

Ability to use assessment tools and tests.

Give a third competency for counselors.

Ethical practice and confidentiality.

Name a fourth competency for counselors.

Problem-solving and decision-making skills.

Name a fifth competency for counselors.

Cultural sensitivity and empathy.

List major career opportunities for counselors.

School Guidance Counselor; Job-Hunting Coach; Conflict Management Provider; HR Counselor; Marriage and Family Counselor; Drug Abuse and Rehabilitation Counselor; Bereavement Counselor; Child Abuse Rehabilitation Counselor.

What rights do counselors have?

Right to practice counseling as licensed professionals; respect for professional judgment.

What are counselor responsibilities?

Maintain competence; uphold confidentiality; act ethically and fairly.

To whom are counselors accountable?

To clients, institutions, law, and professional organizations.

What are the core ethics principles?

Respect; Competence; Responsibility; Integrity.

What are the expanded ethics standards?

Privacy; informed consent; equal opportunity; fairness; professional self-care; responsibility to society.

What are common needs of counseling audiences?

Social skills; Effective communication; Spiritual direction; Decision-making; Career choice guidance; Crisis coping.

What are counseling needs by the School Guidance Counselor role?

Academic stress, personal problems, career options; mediating between family and school; preventive guidance; decision-making and adolescent adjustment.

What are counseling needs by the Job-Hunting Coach role?

Resume/CV; application letters; job interviews; self-presentation (grooming, body language, confidence, etiquette).

What are counseling needs by the Conflict Management Provider role?

Prevent escalation; teach negotiation, mediation, and problem-solving; provide interventions for disputes.

What are counseling needs by the HR Counselor role?

Employee concerns, wellness programs, bridge between management and staff; motivation and retention.

What are counseling needs by the Marriage and Family Counselor role?

Conflict-resolution skills; healthy communication; premarital counseling; reconciliation; separation processes.

What are counseling needs by the Drug Abuse and Rehabilitation Counselor role?

Recovery support; relapse prevention; educate families; collaborate with rehab centers.

What are counseling needs by the Bereavement Counselor role?

Emotional support; prevent destructive coping; healthy grieving; group therapy.

What is the role of Abused Children’s Caregivers and Rehabilitation Counselors?

Assist abused children; ensure safety; work with protection units; advocacy for children’s rights.

Name some typical counseling settings.

Government Agencies; Private Sector; Civil Society; Schools; Communities.

What are the major theories in Counseling?

Psychoanalysis; Behaviorism; Humanistic Perspective.

What does Psychoanalysis focus on?

Unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences; goal is insight; methods include dream analysis, free association, talk therapy.

What are the key ideas of Behaviorism?

Learning through environment and conditioning; Classical Conditioning (Pavlov); Operant Conditioning (Skinner); Behavior Modification.

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs used for in counseling?

Basis for growth and motivation in human development.

Who is associated with client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers.