Cell Theory, Types and Organelles

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to cell theory, types of cells, and organelles, helping students understand fundamental biological structures and functions.

Cell Theory

A scientific theory stating that all living things are made up of cells, which are the smallest working units of all living things, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a nucleus and few internal structures, typically single-celled organisms like bacteria.

Cell Theory

A scientific theory stating that all living things are made up of cells, which are the smallest working units of all living things, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a nucleus and few internal structures, typically single-celled organisms like bacteria.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain organelles surrounded by membranes and have a nucleus, including most living organisms like plants and animals.

Cytoplasm

The thick fluid within the cell that supports organelles and is the medium for chemical reactions.

Mitochondria

Rod-shaped structures that produce energy through aerobic respiration, featuring a bilipid membrane with inner folds called cristae.

Nucleus

The largest organelle, surrounded by a nuclear membrane, which directs cell activities and contains genetic information.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A membrane structure connected to the nuclear membrane; rough ER is involved in protein production, while smooth ER moves materials around the cell.

Golgi Body/Apparatus

A series of flat plate-like sacs that package, modify, store, and secrete cellular products.

Lysosome

A membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that destroy foreign bodies and unwanted organelles.

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs involved in storage, digestion, and waste removal.

Ribosomes

Small structures found on rough ER and throughout the cell that are involved in protein synthesis.

Centrioles

Structures composed of microtubules involved in cell division.

Cell Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and cholesterol, it protects the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm responsible for cell movement and stability.

Nucleolus

A section within the nucleus that contains RNA and plays a role in building proteins.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides structure and protection.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.