A&PII EXAM 2

T or F: One difference between lymphatic vessels and veins is that lymphatic vessels do not have valves.

F

Lymphatic vessels have valves to help keep lymph moving forward through the lymph system

CD4 T cells respond to antigens presented by

class II MHC

The adenoid is also known as the

Pharyngeal tonsil

What happens to the thymus with age?

Decrease in secretions and size along with an increased susceptibility to disease

What cells does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infect?

Helper T cells (CD4 T cells)

Are natural killer cells phagocytes?

No

General thymus gland info

The thymus is known to be at its largest before puberty and then involute, or shrink. It is positioned anterior to the heart, or in the anterior mediastinum, and it matures T cells

Where do B cells mature?

Bone marrow

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens

Sebaceous glands, epithelia, epidermal layers, mucus

What are various macrophages derived from?

Monocytes

What cells perform immunological surveillance?

Natural killer cells

Opsonization

The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized

Pyrogens

Increase body temperature

Histamine and heparin

Increase blood flow and vascular permeability; inflammation

Complement

Opsonization

Perforin

A protein produced by NK cells that damages target cells’ membranes

Is inflammation a first or second line of defense?

Second

Are neutrophils a first or second line of defense?

Second

Is skin a first or second line of defense?

First

are lysozymes a first or second line of defense?

first

is stomach acid a first or second line of defense?

First

are eosinophils a first or second line of defense?

second

is fever a first or second line of defense?

second

are complement proteins a first or second line of defense?

second

is mucus a first or second line of defense?

first

is phagocytosis a first or second line of defense?

second

naturally acquired immunity

immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment Ex. getting sick

artificially acquired immunity

Exposure to an antigen in a clinical or laboratory setting Ex. vaccines

Active immunity

when immunity results from exposure to an antigen

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus or during breastfeeding

Do antibodies bind complement?

No. Complement binds in the presence (classical pathway) or absence (alternative pathway) of antibodies and forms a MAC (membrane attack complex) to destroy the cell.

Do Class I MHC proteins allow the body to differentiate its own antigens from foreign antigens?

Yes

Do Class I MHC proteins bind complement?

No

Do Class I MHC proteins function in antigen presentation?

Yes

Do Class I MHC proteins display abnormal peptides on the plasma membrane?

Yes

are Class I MHC proteins found on all nucleated cells?

Yes

Allergies

occur when the body launches an inappropriate or excessive immune responses to atmospheric antigens

what develops when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues?

Autoimmune diseases