APUSH ch 3

What was the European population in North America by 1700?

About 250,000 Europeans had settled in North America.

How many enslaved Africans were present in North America by 1700?

Approximately 30,000 enslaved Africans were present, mainly in the Chesapeake and Carolina regions.

What impact did European settlement have on Native American populations by 1700?

Native American populations experienced catastrophic declines, losing nearly 1 million individuals due to diseases and conflicts.

What motivated European and African migration to North America?

Migration was driven by economic opportunities and the pursuit of religious freedom.

Who was Elizabeth Clarke Freake and what did she represent in colonial society?

Elizabeth Clarke Freake exemplified the multifaceted roles of women in colonial New England, managing households and contributing to community life.

What role did women like Elizabeth Clarke Freake play in demographic growth?

Women contributed to demographic expansion through childbearing and maintaining household economies.

What characterized the economy of the Chesapeake Colonies?

The economy was dominated by tobacco cultivation, leading to a reliance on African slavery.

What was the significance of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?

Bacon's Rebellion exposed settler-Native American conflicts and accelerated land seizures, reinforcing racialized labor systems.

How did the New England Colonies differ from the Chesapeake Colonies?

New England was founded on Puritan ideals with a diverse economy, while the Chesapeake was focused on tobacco and had a rigid social hierarchy.

What were the Salem Witch Trials and what did they reveal about New England society?

The Salem Witch Trials (1691-1693) revealed intense religious fervor and underlying social tensions in Puritan society.

What was the political structure in the Chesapeake Colonies?

The political structure evolved from royal control to a representative government through the House of Burgesses.

What distinguished the Middle Colonies in terms of demographics and governance?

The Middle Colonies were ethnically and religiously diverse, promoting religious tolerance and democratic governance.

How did William Penn's Pennsylvania differ from other colonies?

Pennsylvania promoted religious freedom and democratic governance, attracting diverse immigrant groups.

What was the economic structure of the Middle Colonies?

The economy was mixed, including agriculture, trade, and manufacturing, fostering prosperity and social fluidity.

What was the impact of European rivalries on colonial North America?

European rivalries shaped colonial policies and alliances with Native American tribes, influencing territorial claims and conflicts.

What was the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?

The Pueblo Revolt was a significant indigenous uprising against Spanish colonial rule and cultural suppression.

How did colonial expansion affect Native American populations?

Expansion often led to violent clashes, land seizures, and long-term cultural upheaval for Native Americans.

What were the key conclusions about demographic transformations in colonial North America?

European settlement and African slavery reshaped population dynamics, while Native American populations suffered catastrophic losses.

How did women contribute to the social fabric of early American colonial societies?

Women influenced demographic growth, family economics, and community development, often overlooked in historical narratives.

What were the social hierarchies like in the Chesapeake Colonies?

The social hierarchy was marked by a wealthy planter elite contrasted with widespread poverty among lower classes.

What role did local governance play in New England Colonies?

Local governance was participatory, with town meetings central to political life.

What was the cultural and economic significance of the Middle Colonies?

The Middle Colonies served as a cultural and economic bridge between northern New England and southern plantation colonies.