Biology: Key Concepts of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Proteins

Help organisms grow/repair damaged tissues, help transport needed resources throughout the human body, main component of muscles, help build muscle, provides structural support, defense, enzymes speed up chemical reactions - lower activation energy, hormones/other proteins help cells communicate with the environment.

Monomer of proteins

Amino acids.

Channel proteins

Allow large molecules to enter in and out of the cell membrane.

Key words related to proteins

Structural support, transport, growth/maintenance, defense, antibodies, enzymes, catalyse, cell messengers, amino acids, muscles, accelerate.

Nucleic acids

Store/transmit DNA, provide info on how to make proteins, determine our traits.

Components of nucleic acids

DNA/RNA/ATP and nucleotides.

Storage location of nucleic acids

Stored in nucleus.

Key words related to nucleic acids

Double helix, DNA/RNA/ATP, instructions, nucleotides, stored in nucleus, stores DNA.

Carbohydrates

Main source of energy, provides quick and short term energy, provides structural support, makes up part of the cell wall.

Examples of carbohydrates

Glucose, glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin, fructose.

Monomer of carbohydrates

Monosaccharide.

Key words related to carbohydrates

Cell wall, ATP energy, main source of energy, main component, monosaccharide.

Lipids

Long term energy, used only after the body uses all its carbohydrate energy, insulate and protect, work in hormone production and cell signaling.

Components of lipids

Glycerol and fatty acids.

Functions of lipids

Help retain heat, water resistant, storage system, oil - quick energy.

Key words related to lipids

Fatty acids, storage, fat/oil/wax, water resistant, insulate, phospholipid bilayer, hormone production, makes up the cell membrane.