cultural change in the 19th flashcards

What major shifts drove cultural change in 19th Century Britain during the Victorian era?

Industrialization, scientific advancements, and religious pluralism.

What was the significance of the 1851 Census regarding the Anglican Church?

It revealed declining attendance, contrasted by growth in Nonconformist chapels and Catholicism.

What event marked a shift toward religious pluralism in 1829?

Catholic Emancipation.

What was the National Secular Society and when was it established?

Founded in 1866, it represented growing resistance to religious authority.

Which influential work questioned creationism in 1859?

Charles Darwin's 'Origin of Species'.

How did Evangelicals influence Victorian society?

They emphasized morality, charity, and Sunday observance in religious discourse.

What was the outcome of the Forster Education Act of 1870?

It introduced universal primary education to prepare newly enfranchised voters.

What critiques did Victorian writers like Dickens offer?

They critiqued societal inequalities while often upholding moralism.

What economic challenges did Britain face by 1900?

Competition from Germany and the U.S. led to economic uncertainty.

What military failures highlighted Britain's imperial fragility?

Failures in the Boer War (1899-1902).

What declining trends contributed to the late Victorian crisis?

Declining church attendance and rising intellectual critiques weakened Christian authority.