Precipitation reactions

Soluble

Can dissolve in water

Insoluble

can’t dissolve in water

Sodium (Na+)

Always soluble

Nitrate (NO₃-)

Always soluble

Ammonium (NH₄+)

Always soluble

Potassium (K+)

Always soluble

Carbonate (CO₃^2-)

Insoluble unless bonded to SNAK

Hydroxide (OH-)

Insoluble unless bonded to SNAK

Phosphate (PO₄^3-)

Insoluble unless bonded to SNAK

Sulfide (S^2-)

Insoluble unless bonded to SNAK

Bromide (Br -)

Usually soluble unless bonded to Pb, Ag or Hg.

Iodide (I-)

Usually soluble unless bonded to Pb, Ag or Hg.

Chlorode (Cl-)

Usually soluble unless bonded to Pb, Ag or Hg.

Sulfate (SO_4^2-)

Usually soluble unless bonded to Pb, Ag or Hg.

SNAK

Sodium, Nitrate, Ammonium, Potassium

BICS

Bromide, Iodide, Chlorode, Sulfate

CHPS

Carbonate, Hydroxide, Phosphate, Sulfide

Precipitate

Solid formed

Supernatant

Mixed in water

Gavrimetric analysis

Relies on mass as a tool to analyse the concentration of substances in water.

Isolate the analyte out of the solution.