DNA Structure and Replication Pogil

what are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

what kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide?

deoxyribose sugar

which nucleotide component contains nitrogen?

nitrogen-containing base

name the four nitrogen bases

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

what part if the nucleotides make up the rungs of the "ladder"?

nitrogen-containing base

what parts of the nucleotides make up the sides (backbone) of the "ladder"?

the sugar and the phosphate

are the rungs at the bottom and top of the "ladder" parallel (the ends of the strands match) or antiparallel (the ends of the strands are opposite)?

antiparallel

when one nucleotide contains adenine, what type of base is the adenine attached to on the opposite nucleotide strand?

thymine

the two strands of DNA are held together with hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases. these are weak bonds between polar molecules. how many hydrogen bonds connect the two bases adenine and thymine?

two bonds

when one nucleotide contains cytosine, what type of base is the cytosine attached to on the opposite nucleotide strand?

guanine

how many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine and guanine bases?

three bonds

the ladder model of DNA is a simplified representation of the actual structure and shape of a DNA molecule. in reality, the strands of DNA form a double helix. what is this shape?

a twisted ladder

hydrogen bonds between nucleotides break

step one

strands of DNA separate

step two

free nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the loose strands of DNA

step three

hydrogen bonds between nucleotides form

step four

what type of biological molecule is DNA helicase?

enzyme

what is the role of DNA helicase in the replication of DNA?

to break hydrogen bonds to open the helix

what rule is used to join the free nucleotides to the exposed bases of the DNA?

chargaff's rule

this type of replication is called semi-conservative replication. considering the meaning of these words (semi - half; conserve - to keep), explain why DNA replication is called semi-conservative.

half of the original DNA is conserved in each new DNA piece

DNA molecules can be tens of thousands of base pairs in length. mistakes in DNA replication lead to mutations, which may not be harmful to and organism. how does semi-conservative replication help prevent mutations during DNA replication?

there is an original strand to act as a template. plus there is a strand to proofread against