Week 01 - Fatty Liver Disease

steatosis definition

abnormal retenion of fat (lipids) within an organ

• no specification of which location

steatotic definition

containing fat, when referring to a location

hepatic steatosis

fat accumulation in the liver

hepatitis definition

inflammation of the liver

steatohepatitis definition

fat accumulation and inflammation of the liver

fibrosis defintion

scarring

cirrhosis definition

permanent liver damage (scar tissue replaces liver cells)

what was the diagnostic criteria Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

why was NAFLD attempted to be called MAFLD?

what is the official name of NAFLD now?

differentiate between the types of steatotic liver disease

what does MASLD diagnosis require?

what is the cardiometabolic criteria?

what is the MetALD subtype? why is it an important distinction from MASH?

how can the different types fo steatotic liver disease be differentiated/investigated?

describe the progression of MASLD

can MASH go straight to cirrhosis or cancer?

how common is MASLD?

in what races is MASLD most common? gender?

what are the principle causes/risk factors for MASLD

review: what is metabolic syndrome (not for memory)

how can MASLD risk be increased or decreased in by maternal factors in pregancy?

what exposures increase MASLD risk?

what dietary and nutrional factors that increase MASLD risk

can MASLD be caused by genetics?

list some MASLD associated conditions

how does physical activity protect against the development of MASLD?

• Reduces insulin resistance --> less MASLD risk

• Improves cardiovascular health --> cardiometabolic risk factors

• Decreases obesity and overweight --> less MASLD risk

• Decreases triglycerides --> less MASLD risk

describe the timing of MASLD progression

what are the complications of a MASLD

what other conditions does MASLD predict risk of?

what are the signs and symptoms of MASLD (especially in early stages)

what are the signs and symptoms of advanced MASLD

are liver percussion and palpation effective at detecting heptomegaly

are dialted abdominal veins good at diagnosing Hepatocellular (liver) disease?

are dilated abdominal wall veins good at diagnosing cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease?

is encephalopathy effective at diagnosing cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease?

what are some potential DDx for MASLD?

what are the liver enzymes? how can they be used to detect MASLD?

what labs can be done to examine metabolic risk factors?

what are the imaging options for MASLD? which is the best choice?

how effective is US in detecting MASLD?

which has better LR+ for detecting MASLD: US or biopsy?

why are clinical risk scorying systems used for MASLD? what are some examples of them?

what is the Fatty Liver Index?

how is the Fatty Liver Index interpreted?

what is the NAFLD in Metabolic Syndrome Score? how is it interpreted?

what is the gold standard for MASLD diagnosis? what are the stages of this test?

how is fibrosis graded/staged?

what is the NAFLD Activty score?

when do MASLD patients NOT need a biopsy?

when can noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis be used? what are some?

what is the NAFLD Fibrosis score? how can it be interpreted?

what is the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index? how can it be interpreted?

what is Ultrasound Elastography? how can it be used for MASLD?

what lifestyle changes should ND’s encourage in MASLD patients?

when do patients need to be followed by a specialist?

• of they need biopsy, US, MRI, if they have MASH or advanced fibrosis, need transplant or have comorbid conditions

what is the suggested approch to MASLD?