PNC 049

Interphase

DNA replication

Prophase

Centrioles move to opposite poles; DNA strands coil into chromosomes

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up across center

Anaphase

Centromeres split; identical chromosomes move to opposite centrioles

Telophase

Nuclear membranes form; plasma membrane separates two identical cells

Diffusion

Greater to lower concentration

Osmosis

Molecules of water diffuse thru selectively permeable membrane

Isotonic

Equal; no change

Hypotonic

Cell swells; draws water in

Hypertonic

Cell shrinks; draws water out

Acidosis

pH less than 7.35

Alkalosis

pH greater than 7.45

Catabolism

Broken into simpler components; form ATP

Anabolism

Simple substances are used to manufacture materials needed for growth; fueled by ATP

Positive feedback

Variation from steady state; intensity change

Negative feedback

Keeps body conditions within normal by reversing, up or down shift

Level of organization

Chemicals- cell- tissue- systems- organisms

Cation

Positive

Anion

Negative

Organic compounds

Large; contain carbon; found in living things

Inorganic compounds

Small; simple

Ex: water and salts

Carbohydrates

Fuel; starches/ sugars

Lipids

Fats; stored energy; phospholipids- plasma membrane

Proteins

Made from amino acids; enzymes;

Nucleotides

DNA&RNA