Chapter_10_Intelligence

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Factor Analysis

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test.

General Intelligence (g)

A factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities, measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Savant Syndrome

A condition where a person with limited mental ability has an exceptional specific skill.

Multiple Intelligences

A theory proposed by Howard Gardner that suggests intelligence encompasses a broad range of skills beyond traditional academic measures.

Social Intelligence

The know-how involved in comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.

Creativity

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

Aptitude Test

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance.

Achievement Test

A test designed to assess what a person has learned.

Mental Age

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, indicating the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.

Stanford-Binet

The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Originally defined as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

The most widely used intelligence test, consisting of various subtests measuring different aspects of intelligence.

Standardization

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested 'standardization group'.

Normal Curve

The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.

Flynn Effect

The observed rise in IQ scores over time, attributed to factors such as improved nutrition and education.

Reliability

The extent to which a test yields consistent results.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

Intellectual Disability

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70.

Heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals that can be attributed to genes.

Stereotype Threat

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.