Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns (5.1 - 5.7)

unit 5.1 - unit 5.7

dairy farming

the practice of raising livestock, primarily cows, for the production of milk and dairy products.

extensive agriculture

farming system that uses a large amount of land used to produce small amount of crops, low labor with lower yields.

intensive

A farming system that uses a small amount of land but a high amount of labor produces a small amount of crops, too.

market farming

a type of commercial agriculture where crops are grown specifically to be sold in a market,

mediterranean agriculture

the practice of crop cultivation undertaken in areas with Mediterranean climates. olives, grapes, cheese, and more. GREECE, Western Europe, and California

mixed crop and livestock farming

intensive agriculture Integration between growing crops and livestock; crop rotation; corn is common to grow (for livestock)

pastoral nomadism

extensive agriculture that involves group of people who move often and raise animals as their main means of survival; they move with the livestock

plantation agriculture

large commercial farm that specializes in one crop; produces things like sugarcanes, cotton, tobacco and more

ranching

commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area in semi arid and arid regions.

shifting cultivation

use of land until no longer fertile because of nutrition depletion of soil. use of subsistence extensive agriculture

trucking

transports food; labor costs are kept down by hiring migrant labor;

clustered rural settlement

where alot of families live together in concentrated areas with farmlands surrounding the buildings

dispersed

where homes and farms are spread out over large area; farmers live isolated from their neighbors rather can close together.

linear rural settlement

buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water or along a transportation route.

long lot survey system

land parcels are divided into long, narrow strips running perpendicular to a river, road, or other geographic feature.

metes and bounds system

way to describe the boundaries of a piece of land by using directions and distances starting from a specific point.

township and range system

A method to divide land into grid-like patterns (like squares) and further divide them for easier property identification

animal domestication

raising of animals for human needs; protection, work, transport, and/or food source.

plant domestication

The process by which wild plants are cultivated into productive crops, often with more desirable traits.

columbian exchange

widespread exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and cultures between the “Americas” and Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Neolithic revolution (1st agricultural revolution)

agricultural hearths started to form all over the world over a long period of time. because of the revolution there was more reliable food supplies, increase in human pop, job specialization, distinction between nomads and settled people, widening of gender specific activities (men did more production and domestication, women took care of homes and prepared food).

crop rotation

technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence on same plot of land to restore nutrients to the soil.

fertilizer

substance that is natural or artificial that is added to the soil to give more nutrition

mechanization

the process of replacing human labor with machinery to complete specific tasks

pesticides

natural or artificial substance used for killing or controlling insects or pests to protect crops.

bid rent theory

the value of land is influenced by it’s relationship to the market; more desirable land is near markets and costs more so you purchase less land for farming(intensive). less desirable land is furthest from the market costs less so you purchase more land(extensive).

monocropping

growing one type of crop or raising one type of animal year after year.

agribusiness

business of agriculture

commercial agriculture

agriculture that done purely for profit or trade; making sure to have enough livestock and crops for selling.

commodity chain

process used by corporations to gather resources, transform them into goods, and then transport them to consumers.

yields

amount of items in agriculture you produce

enclosure movement

wealthy farm owners experimented with their land by enlarging farms