FINALLLLL AHHH

Management for heat stroke

Move patient to cool environment

Remove excess clothing

Initiate rapid cooling:

o Ice packs to neck, axilla, groin

o Cooling blankets

o Cool water immersion if available

A high school football player collapses during practice on a hot, humid day. He is breathing with pulse, but lethargic and does not follow commands. His skin is hot, red, and dry. Which of the following actions should he be taking?

Move him to a cool location,Immediately transport for medical care & Place a ice packs in the neck, forehead, groin and axilla

Nurse teaching about carbon monoxide poisoning

Educate patients on the sources of carbon monoxide, symptoms of poisoning, and the importance of ventilation and avoiding exposure.

Carbon Monoxide poisoning prevention

Install CO detectors,Check batteries regularly,Never run a vehicle in a closed garage,Ensure proper ventilation of gas appliances,Have heating systems inspected yearly

,Seek immediate medical care if symptoms occur

When do you give abdominal thrusts?

Abdominal thrusts are given to a person who is choking and unable to cough, speak, or breathe.

Controlled substance schedules

Controlled substances are classified into schedules I-V based on their potential for abuse and medical use, with Schedule I having the highest potential for abuse.

High alert drug examples

High alert drugs include anticoagulants, insulin, opioids, and chemotherapeutic agents, which require special precautions to prevent harm.

Findings that indicate rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or gout

Rheumatoid arthritis shows joint inflammation and morning stiffness; osteoarthritis shows joint pain and stiffness; gout is indicated by sudden, severe pain and swelling in joints, often the big toe.

Therapeutic communication for a patient complaining about the color of her pills

Use open-ended questions, validate the patient's feelings, and provide information about the medication's purpose and effects.

Seven rights of medication administration

The seven rights are the right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, right reason, and right documentation.

Signs of pulmonary embolism

Signs include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heart rate, and coughing up blood.

Nurse teaching about fentanyl transdermal patch

Instruct patients on proper application, potential side effects, and the importance of not using heat over the patch.

Nitroglycerin transdermal patch

A patch used to prevent angina attacks by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart.

Sizes of middle gauges

Middle gauge needles typically range from 18 to 22 gauge, used for various injections and infusions.

How to administer time release capsules

Time release capsules should be swallowed whole without crushing or chewing to maintain the intended release mechanism.

Flushing of NG tube between medications

Flushing with water before and after administering medications through an NG tube ensures patency and prevents interactions.

Seven medication rights

The seven rights are the same as the seven rights of medication administration: patient, medication, dose, route, time, reason, and documentation.

Nitroglycerin ointment sites of application

Common application sites include the chest, back, and upper arms, avoiding areas with hair or irritation.

Which age groups are sensitive to the effects of medications

Elderly patients and pediatric patients are generally more sensitive to medication effects due to differences in metabolism and body composition.

Routes of medication administration

Common routes include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and topical.

Patient history that has the most effect on drug metabolism

Liver function history is crucial as the liver metabolizes most drugs, affecting their efficacy and safety.

Describe naloxone

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdoses by displacing opioids from their receptors.

Patient has reaction to a new medication; what is your priority action?

Assess the patient's vital signs and symptoms, and notify the healthcare provider immediately.

Describe generic

A generic drug is a medication that is equivalent to a brand-name drug in dosage, strength, and administration but is sold under its chemical name.

Legislation authorizing FDA

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gives the FDA the authority to regulate food, drugs, and cosmetics.

Conversion dosage calculation

Conversion dosage calculations involve changing the units of a medication dosage from one measurement system to another, ensuring accurate dosing.

IV infusion

IV infusion is the administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a patient's bloodstream through a vein.

Injection dosage calculation

Injection dosage calculations determine the correct volume of medication to administer based on the prescribed dosage and concentration.

Oral meds dosage calculation

Oral medication dosage calculations involve determining the correct amount of medication to give based on the patient's weight or age.

Signs of dehydration

Signs include dry mouth, decreased urine output, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion.

Signs of hypocalcemia the nurse should monitor

Signs include muscle cramps, tingling in fingers, and seizures.

Low sodium diet foods to avoid

Foods high in sodium include processed foods, canned soups, and salty snacks.

Manifestations of hypocalcemia when patient is taking Lasix (furosemide)

Manifestations include muscle spasms, tingling sensations, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Lab/diagnostic tests to monitor when patient is taking warfarin

Monitor INR (International Normalized Ratio) to ensure blood coagulation levels are within the therapeutic range.

What to give to a patient who overdosed on warfarin

Administer vitamin K as an antidote to reverse the effects of warfarin overdose.

Patient has hyperkalemia, you are anticipating the provider to order what?

Anticipate orders for medications such as calcium gluconate, insulin with glucose, or diuretics to lower potassium levels.

Spironolactone lab values to monitor

Monitor potassium levels, renal function, and electrolyte balance while the patient is on spironolactone.

Raynaud's syndrome

Raynaud's syndrome is a condition characterized by episodes of reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes, often triggered by cold or stress.

Manifestations of venous insufficiency expected findings

Expected findings include swelling in the legs, varicose veins, skin changes, and ulcers.

Leukemia patient precautions

Implement precautions to prevent infection, monitor for bleeding, and ensure safe handling of bodily fluids.

Patient with leukemia has a low platelet count; what are the nursing interventions?

Monitor for signs of bleeding, educate on safety measures, and avoid invasive procedures if possible.

Patient with thrombocytopenia actions to take

Implement bleeding precautions, monitor platelet counts, and educate the patient on signs of bleeding.

Nursing actions for people with sickle cell crisis

Provide pain management, hydration, and oxygen therapy, and monitor for complications.

Dietary supplements with patients with pernicious anemia

Vitamin B12 supplements are essential for patients with pernicious anemia due to impaired absorption.

Medications for patients with HF associated with nonproductive cough

Consider prescribing medications such as diuretics or ACE inhibitors while monitoring for cough side effects.

S/S of left sided HF

Signs include shortness of breath, fatigue, and pulmonary congestion.

S/S of right sided HF

Signs include peripheral edema, ascites, and jugular venous distension.

Nursing information about anginal pain

Monitor the patient's pain level, administer prescribed medications, and educate on lifestyle modifications.

Cardiac rehabilitation unit purpose

The purpose is to help patients recover from heart surgery or heart attack and improve overall cardiovascular health.

Lab findings that remain elevated for patients with acute MI

Elevated troponin levels and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) indicate myocardial injury.

Wound evisceration

Wound evisceration is a surgical complication where internal organs protrude through a wound; it requires immediate medical attention.

What is paralytic ileus (postop complication)

Paralytic ileus is a temporary cessation of bowel activity following surgery, leading to abdominal distension and discomfort.

Anaphylactic shock with edema (why?)

Anaphylactic shock causes severe allergic reactions leading to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, resulting in edema.

Patient asking for pain meds; what do you assess?

Assess the patient's pain level, location, and characteristics, as well as any previous medication history.

Expected findings and manifestations

Expected findings vary by condition but generally include symptoms that align with the patient's diagnosis and treatment plan.

Acid base imbalance for patients with chronic bronchitis

Patients may exhibit respiratory acidosis due to impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention.

Bowtie → diabetes

The bowtie diagram represents the relationship between insulin resistance, glucose levels, and diabetes management.

Patient with right hip arthroplasty

Postoperative care includes monitoring for complications, pain management, and rehabilitation exercises.

Fosamax administration

Fosamax (alendronate) should be taken with a full glass of water, and the patient should remain upright for at least 30 minutes afterward.

NGN → K+ levels cause which things/what are the S/S to look out for (dysrhythmia)

Hyperkalemia can cause dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, and fatigue; monitor ECG changes.

NGN → analgesics (oxycodone = constipation, etc)

Oxycodone can cause constipation, sedation, and respiratory depression; monitor for these side effects.

NGN pressure/decubitus ulcer

Monitor for pressure ulcers by assessing skin integrity and implementing preventive measures.

NGN hip and pelvis fracture S/S

Signs include severe pain, inability to bear weight, and visible deformity.

Insulin dosage calculation

Insulin dosage calculations involve determining the correct units based on blood glucose levels and prescribed regimen.

Fluticasone adverse effects

Adverse effects may include oral thrush, hoarseness, and respiratory infections.

Humalog T1 DM; when do you inject it?

Humalog (insulin lispro) should be injected just before meals to control postprandial blood glucose levels.

Hypoglycemic nursing interventions

Administer fast-acting carbohydrates, monitor blood glucose levels, and provide education on prevention.

Foot care for diabetes

Regular foot inspections, proper hygiene, and appropriate footwear are essential to prevent complications.

Manifestations of hyperglycemia

Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision.

Manifestations of hypoglycemia

Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and irritability.

Amlodipine foods to avoid

Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice, as they can increase the effects of amlodipine.

Stages of blood pressure/hypertension

Blood pressure stages include normal, elevated, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension.

Atenolol action; nurse should monitor for what?

Atenolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate and blood pressure; monitor for bradycardia and hypotension.

Captopril adverse effects; nurse should watch out for what?

Adverse effects include cough, hyperkalemia, and angioedema; monitor renal function and potassium levels.

Lifedipine priority nursing action

Monitor blood pressure and heart rate, and educate the patient on potential side effects.

Procedure when giving nitroglycerin patch

Remove the old patch, apply the new patch to a clean, dry area, and rotate sites to prevent skin irritation.

Common adverse effect of nitroglycerin sublingual tablet

Common adverse effects include headache, dizziness, and flushing.

Nitroglycerin action

Nitroglycerin dilates blood vessels, reducing myocardial oxygen demand and relieving angina.

Digoxin toxicity risk factors

Risk factors include renal impairment, electrolyte imbalances, and interactions with other medications.

S/S of digoxin toxicity

Signs include nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and bradycardia.

What to do before giving digoxin

Check the apical pulse for at least one minute; hold the medication if the pulse is below 60 bpm.

Patient is asking why they are getting both IV heparin and warfarin

Both are used initially to provide immediate anticoagulation with heparin while warfarin takes effect.

Action of heparin

Heparin prevents blood clot formation by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa.

What will reverse heparin's effects

Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose.

Nurse teaching for patients who are taking heparin

Educate about the importance of monitoring for bleeding, the use of aPTT tests, and signs of adverse effects.

Acute asthma attack first line medication

Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist, is the first-line treatment for acute asthma attacks.

Which medications are contraindicated for asthma

Beta-blockers and certain NSAIDs can exacerbate asthma symptoms and should be avoided.

S/S of acute asthma when auscultating patient

Wheezing, prolonged expiration, and decreased breath sounds indicate an acute asthma attack.

Patient has PE, what is the priority intervention?

Administer oxygen and assess the patient's respiratory status; prepare for possible anticoagulation therapy.

Thoracentesis positioning

The patient should be seated upright with arms resting on a table or supported by a pillow.

Water filled chest tube nursing action; rising of the water seal upon inspiration

This is a normal finding indicating that the chest tube is functioning properly; monitor for excessive fluctuations.

Water sealed drainage system, what to do if it is full

Replace the drainage system with a new one while maintaining sterile technique.

Manifestations of pneumothorax

Signs include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, and decreased breath sounds on the affected side.

Nursing actions to thin respiratory secretions for pneumonia patients

Encourage hydration, use humidified air, and administer expectorants as prescribed.

Early manifestations of laryngeal cancer

Early signs include hoarseness, persistent cough, and difficulty swallowing.

Gout arthritis

Gout is a type of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling in joints, often due to uric acid crystals.

Difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition causing systemic inflammation, while osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease due to wear and tear.

Describe shingles

Shingles is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by a painful rash and blisters along a dermatome.

Action of naloxone when patient is receiving fentanyl; why is the naloxone prescribed alongside fentanyl?

Naloxone is prescribed to reverse potential opioid overdose effects from fentanyl, ensuring patient safety.

Nifedipine what findings would make you contact the provider

Contact the provider if the patient experiences hypotension, severe headache, or signs of heart failure.