Week 3: How far will International Economic Integration go?

pinnacle

(n) đỉnh cao, tột đỉnh

She reached the pinnacle of her career when she became CEO.

golden standard

(n) bản vị vàng

reminisce

/ˌrɛmɪˈnɪs/ (v) hồi tưởng, nhớ lại

They reminisced about their childhood days.

nostalgic

/nəˈstældʒɪk/ (adj) hoài niệm, nhớ nhung quá khứ

She felt nostalgic about her childhood summers in the countryside.

turbulence

/ˈtɜːrbjələns/ (n) sự hỗn loạn

The country was in political turbulence.

protectionism

(n) chủ nghĩa bảo hộ trong thương mại

Protectionism often leads to trade wars.

bemoan

/bɪˈmoʊn/ (v) than phiền, than vãn

He bemoaned the decline of traditional culture.

latter-day

(adj) hiện đại, ngày nay

She is seen as a latter-day Joan of Arc.

disarray

(n) tình trạng hỗn loạn, lộn xộn

The files were in complete disarray on the desk.

autarky

(n) tự cung tự cấp kinh tế

The nation pursued autarky to avoid foreign dependence.

astrologer

/əˈstrɒlədʒər/ (n) nhà chiêm tinh

The astrologer predicted a bright future for her.

knee-jerk fashion

(idiom) phản ứng bộc phát, cảm tính

He responded in a knee-jerk fashion without considering the facts.

punditry

(n) lời bình luận (của chuyên gia), sự am hiểu

Political punditry dominated the evening news.

price arbitrage

/praɪs ˈɑːrbɪtrɑːʒ/ (n) chênh lệch giá quốc tế

Price arbitrage allows traders to profit from market differences.

parochial

/pəˈroʊkiəl/ (adj) thiển cận, cục bộ

His parochial view prevented him from seeing the bigger picture.

demarcate

/ˈdiːmɑːrkeɪt/ (v) phân định, vạch ranh giới

The treaty demarcated the border between the two countries.

jurisdiction

/ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/ (n) quyền tài phán, thẩm quyền

The case falls under federal jurisdiction.

transaction cost

(n) chi phí giao dịch

High transaction costs discourage small investors.

opportunistic

(adj) cơ hội, lợi dụng thời cơ

He made an opportunistic investment during the crisis.

embedded

/ɪmˈbedɪd/ (adj) gắn liền, ăn sâu

These values are deeply embedded in our culture.

ostracism

/ˈɑːstrəsɪzəm/ (n) sự tẩy chay, loại trừ

He suffered social ostracism after the scandal.

contingent

/kənˈtɪndʒənt/ (adj) tùy thuộc, phụ thuộc vào

Our success is contingent upon good planning.

sphere

/sfɪr/ (n) lĩnh vực, phạm vi, hình cầu

He works in the sphere of international law.

liability

/ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ (n) trách nhiệm pháp lý, khoản nợ

The company has huge tax liabilities.

likelihood

/ˈlaɪklihʊd/ (n) khả năng xảy ra

There is little likelihood of success.

franchise

/ˈfræntʃaɪz/ (n) quyền kinh doanh nhượng quyền; quyền bầu cử

He bought a fast-food franchise.

convergence

(n) sự hội tụ, đồng quy

The convergence of technology and education is evident.

hypothetical

/ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkl/ (adj) giả định, giả thuyết

This is just a hypothetical scenario.

regulatory

/ˈreɡjələtɔːri/ (adj) mang tính quy định, kiểm soát

The new regulatory framework affects all banks.

taxation

/tækˈseɪʃn/ (n) hệ thống thuế

The government introduced reforms in taxation.

judiciary

/dʒuˈdɪʃieri/ (n) ngành tư pháp, tòa án

The judiciary must remain independent.

circumscribe

/ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪb/ (v) giới hạn, hạn chế

Their rights were circumscribed by the new law.

supranational

/ˌsuːprəˈnæʃnəl/ (adj) siêu quốc gia

The EU is a supranational organization.

legislative

/ˈledʒɪslətɪv/ (adj) thuộc về lập pháp
The legislative process is often slow.

hindrance

/ˈhɪndrəns/ (n) sự cản trở, vật cản
Heavy traffic is a major hindrance to commuting.

aptly

/ˈæptli/ (adv) một cách thích hợp, phù hợp
He was aptly named “Sunny” because of his cheerful nature.

shrink

(v) co lại, thu nhỏ, giảm bớt
The company’s profits have shrunk over the years.

nuance

/ˈnuːɑːns/ (n) sắc thái, khác biệt nhỏ
She understood the nuances of his argument.

parameter

/pəˈræmɪtər/ (n) thông số, tham số
The study was conducted within strict parameters.

deviation

/ˌdiːviˈeɪʃn/ (n) sự lệch hướng, khác biệt
There was a slight deviation from the original plan.

compatibility

/kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti/ (n) sự tương thích
The software ensures compatibility with older systems.

demise

/dɪˈmaɪz/ (n) cái chết, sự kết thúc
The demise of the empire was sudden and unexpected.

orthodoxy

/ˈɔːrθədɑːksi/ (n) chính thống, quan điểm truyền thống
He challenged the prevailing economic orthodoxy.

contentious

/kənˈtenʃəs/ (adj) gây tranh cãi, bất đồng
Immigration remains a contentious issue.

frown

/fraʊn/ (v, n) nhăn mặt, cau mày
She frowned when she saw the mistake.

quantitative

/ˈkwɑːntɪteɪtɪv/ (adj) định lượng
The study uses quantitative analysis.

erect

/ɪˈrekt/ (v) dựng lên, xây dựng
They erected a monument in his honor.

divergent

/daɪˈvɜːrdʒənt/ (adj) khác nhau, phân kỳ
The two leaders took divergent approaches.

miracle

/ˈmɪrəkl/ (n) phép màu, điều kỳ diệu
It was a miracle that he survived the accident.

antitrust

/ˌæntiˈtrʌst/ (adj) chống độc quyền
The company faced antitrust investigations.

stick one’s neck out

(idiom) liều lĩnh, dám mạo hiểm
She really stuck her neck out to support the project.

commensurate

/kəˈmenʃərət/ (adj) tương xứng
Salary will be commensurate with experience.

hard-won

/ˌhɑːrd ˈwʌn/ (adj) đạt được sau nhiều khó khăn
They celebrated their hard-won independence.

dicey

/ˈdaɪsi/ (adj, informal) rủi ro, nguy hiểm
Investing in startups can be dicey.

underpin

/ˌʌndərˈpɪn/ (v) làm nền tảng, củng cố
Trust underpins all successful relationships.

mutual realization

/ˈmjuːtʃuəl ˌriːəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n) sự nhận thức chung, hiểu biết lẫn nhau
Peace was achieved through mutual realization of interests.

promulgation

/ˌprɑːmlˈɡeɪʃn/ (n) sự ban hành (luật, quy định)
The promulgation of the law improved workers’ rights.

disclosure

/dɪsˈkloʊʒər/ (n) sự tiết lộ
Full disclosure of financial records is required.

beneficiary

/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃieri/ (n) người thụ hưởng
She is the sole beneficiary of the trust fund.

refashion

/ˌriːˈfæʃn/ (v) tái tạo, làm lại
The city is trying to refashion its image as a tourist hub.

shoulder

/ˈʃoʊldər/ (v) gánh vác, chịu trách nhiệm
He shouldered the responsibility for the mistake.

electorate

/ɪˈlektərət/ (n) cử tri, toàn thể người có quyền bầu cử
The electorate will decide the future of the country.

shell-shocked

• /ˈʃel ʃɑːkt/ (adj) choáng váng, sốc nặng (gốc từ chấn thương chiến tranh)
  Fans were shell-shocked by the team’s defeat.

backlash

/ˈbæklæʃ/ (n) phản ứng dữ dội, phản đối mạnh mẽ
The new policy caused a public backlash.

Argentinization

/ˌɑːrdʒəntaɪnɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n) “Argentina hóa” (ám chỉ khủng hoảng kinh tế giống Argentina)
Economists warned of the Argentinization of the economy.