AP Human Geo Chapter 5
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50 Terms
Q: What is mobility?
A: All types of movement from one location to another, regardless of time or distance.
Q: Define circulation.
A: Temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis.
Q: What differentiates short-distance from long-distance movement?
A: Short-distance involves brief moves like walking a few blocks; long-distance involves extensive travel, such as migrant workers traveling thousands of miles.
Q: What is emigration?
A: Movement away from a location.
Q: Define immigration.
A: Movement to a location.
Q: What is net migration?
A: The difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location.
Q: Describe the gravity model in migration.
A: Predicts that migration to a city increases with the city's population and decreases with distance.
Q: What is a push factor?
A: A negative cause compelling someone to leave, like political violence or lack of job opportunities.
Q: Define pull factor.
A: A positive cause attracting someone to a new location, such as stable government or plentiful jobs.
Q: How has technology impacted migration?
A: Positively, by keeping migrants connected; negatively, by spreading misinformation, impacting safe passage.
Q: Give examples of economic pull factors.
A: Stable employment and higher wages.
Q: What are common economic push factors?
A: Job loss and lack of employment opportunities.
Q: How do cultural factors drive migration?
A: Cultural push factors include persecution, discrimination, and political instability.
Q: Explain the influence of demographics on migration.
A: Age, education level, and geographic location can drive migration, e.g., rural residents may move for better healthcare.
Q: What environmental events cause migration?
A: Natural disasters like hurricanes and tsunamis can displace millions.
Q: Differentiate between voluntary and forced migration.
A: Voluntary migration is by choice, while forced migration is due to compulsion, like during slavery.
Q: What is transnational migration?
A: When migrants keep cultural and financial ties to their home country.
Q: Define internal migration.
A: Migration within a country's borders.
Q: What is chain migration?
A: When immigrants from the same area follow each other to a new destination.
Q: Explain step migration.
A: Migrating in a series of steps rather than in one large move, often due to financial constraints.
Q: Who developed laws of migration, and what do they state?
A: Ravenstein; they state most migration occurs over short distances.
Q: What is the friction of distance?
A: The concept that longer journeys involve more time, effort, and cost.
Q: Define transhumance.
A: A form of seasonal migration practiced by nomads moving livestock between pastures.
Q: What are intervening obstacles?
A: Environmental or cultural barriers that make migration challenging.
Q: Define intervening opportunity.
A: A place that persuades a migrant to settle before reaching their intended destination.
Q: How does urbanization attract migrants?
A: Urban areas offer more jobs, education, and healthcare access
Q: Describe the guest worker program.
A: Temporary labor programs filling jobs locals cannot, often post-war.
Q: What is circular migration?
Repeated legal migration between countries, often for temporary work.
Q: What is a refugee?
A: A person forced to leave their country due to persecution or threats.
Q: Define asylum.
A: Protection from deportation for refugees in another country.
Q: Who are internally displaced persons (IDPs)?
A: People forced to flee but remain within their home country.
Q: What does repatriate mean?
A: To return to one’s home country or be sent back by another country.
Q: Who is the UNHCR?
A: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, supporting refugees and asylum seekers.
Q: Who are climate refugees?
A: People forced to migrate due to environmental changes like sea-level rise.
Q: What was the Trail of Tears?
A: The forced relocation of Native American tribes by the U.S. government.
Q: What is inter-regional migration?
A: Movement between different regions within a country.
Q: Define intra-regional migration.
A: Movement within the same region.
Q: What is the skills gap?
A: A shortage of people trained in specific fields in a country.
Q: Explain remittances.
A: Money migrants send back home, supporting their families and communities.
Q: What is brain drain?
A: Loss of skilled workers from one country to another for better opportunities.
Q: Define relocation diffusion.
A: The spread of ideas and culture through migration.
Q: What are segregated neighborhoods?
A: Immigrant communities formed for mutual support but resulting in social isolation.
Q: What is xenophobia?
A: Fear or hatred of foreigners, sometimes impacting immigration policies.
Q: Explain the Irish migration during the Potato Famine.
A: Driven by starvation, political oppression, and economic hardship under British rule.
Q: What were the Chinese Exclusion Act’s implications?
A: It was the first U.S. policy broadly restricting immigration from a specific country.
Q: Describe the Great Migration.
A: African Americans moved from the rural South to northern cities in the early 20th century.
Q: What was the Hmong secondary migration?
A: After initial resettlement, Hmong communities relocated within the U.S. to reunite.
Q: How has the EU managed refugee movement?
A: Policies require asylum seekers to apply in the first EU country entered.
Q: How does migration impact the dependency ratio?
A: Immigration typically lowers the dependency ratio in the destination country.
Q: What are common risks for female immigrants?
A: Female immigrants face unique risks, such as discrimination and exploitation.