Gluconeogenesis Exam #2

process/precursors?

process: make glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. also maintain blood glucose levels

precursors consist of:

1- pyruvate (glycolysis)

2- glycerol (TAG breakdown → glycerol → DHAP → gluconeogenesis)

3- amino acids (except luecine and lysine (losers))

enter as alpha ketoacids

4- lactate (cori cycle)

lactate → liver → converted to pyruvate → gluconeogenesis

what state?

body locations?

cell location?

activated/inhibited by?

fasting state

body location: liver (+ kidney)

cell location: cytosol

activated: increased ATP/NADH/acetyl coA/amino acids/glucagon/epinephrine/PEPCK

inhibited: decreased ATP (increased AMP)

Pathway (first step)

Opposite of glycolysis

2nd step

3rd step

4th step

fructose 1-6 biphosphate is enzyme

activated by decreased F2,B6P (caused from increased PEPCK/glucagon (beta cells))

5th and 6th (final) step

enzyme glucose 6 phosphatase

dephosphorylizes

Von Gierke disease

causes:

side effects:

causes: decrease in glucose 6 phosphatase (enzyme in converting glucose 6 phosphate to glucose)

side effects: hypoglycemia, light headedness, fatigue

lactic acidosis can occur