CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Core 1 - Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on Professor Messer's CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Core 1 course notes.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

Light and high-resolution display commonly used in laptops, but very fragile.

Lithium Ion (Li-ion)

Common battery type in consumer electronics, with no 'memory effect,' but charging diminishes capacity.

SO-DIMM

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module, a type of memory used in laptops and mobile devices.

Micro-DIMM

Micro-Dual In-line Memory Module. Memory used in laptops and mobile devices

Portable LCD

Liquid crystal display; light shines through liquid crystals. Advantages: Lightweight, relatively low power, and relatively inexpensive. Disadvantages: Black levels are a challenge and requires a separate backlight.

OLED on laptops

Organic Light Emitting Diode; organic compound emits light when receiving an electric current. Thinner and lighter with no backlight. Not quite ready for laptops due to organic materials degrading over time.

Wearable technology

Smart watches: An extension of your phone and body, Fitness monitors: Track heart rate, steps, sleep patterns, and more

Virtual reality

Replace reality with a computer-generated version.Input from the real world interacts with the virtual world. Many different application:Gaming, industrial design, art

Augmented reality

Overlay a virtual augmentation with the physical world. The computer provides additional detail. Used in medical, travel, gaming

e-Readers

Specialized device. Book reading - Some music, some apps. Electronic paper - Black and white screen. Performs well in direct light

Micro-USB and mini-USB

EU standardized on Micro-USB, Common now worldwide, Older devices may use Mini-USB, Slightly larger

USB-C

24-pin double-sided USB connector, Used for both hosts and devices, Acts as a USB 3.1 / USB 2.0 connection, Only the interface is different

Lightning

Apple proprietary, 8-pin digital signals. iPhone, iPad, iPod devices, Some advantages over Micro-USB, Higher power output for phones and tablets

Tethering

Physically connect a device to your mobile phone, Use the Internet/data connection, Enable Internet access from almost anywhere, May require service or configuration by wireless carrier

NFC

Send small amounts of data wirelessly over a limited area. Built into your phone, Payment systems, transportation, in-person information exchange, Access token, identity “card”

Bluetooth

High-speed communication over short distances, PAN (Personal Area Network)Connects our mobile devices, Smartphones

Hotspot

Turn your phone into a WiFi hotspot, Your own personal wireless router, Extend the cellular data network to all of your devices, Dependent on phone type and provider

IR

Included on many smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches. Not really used for file transfers and printing; Control your entertainment center, Almost exclusively IR

SD memory card

Increase storage capacity of smartphone or tablet. Common on Android devices, Not available on iOS devices

Airplane mode

One button turns off all radios, Cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC, etc., You can re-enable individual features without enabling cellular features, Useful when the airplane has WiFi

Your phone is a radio

Baseband radio processor. A network interface for your radio, This isn’t WiFi or Bluetooth. Has its own firmware and memory

PRL updates

Preferred Roaming List. CDMA networks (i.e., Verizon, Sprint), Allows your phone to connect to the right tower, Can be updated over the air (OTA)

PRI updates

Product Release Instructions, Radio settings - ID numbers, network codes, country codes, etc. Also updated over the air

IMEI

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity, Identifies a physical mobile device, Every phone has a different IMEI, Can be used to allow or disallow access

IMSI

International Mobile Subscriber Identity, Identifies the user of a mobile network, Can be provisioned in the SIM card, Swap the SIM to move between phones

VPN

Turn your phone into a VPN endpoint, Important for secure communication, Integrated into the phone OS. No additional software required

POP3

Post Office Protocol 3, Used for downloading mail to local mail client, Downloads and (optionally) deletes from server

IMAP4

Internet Message Access Protocol v4, Access mail on a central server, Mail is usually stored on the server, Supports folders and server-side searching

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Send mail from a device to a mail server, Or between mail servers, You usually must send from a local or trusted device. Authentication usually required

Microsoft Exchange

Enterprise email, Not a service for the home, More than just email, Contacts, Calendars, Reminders, Integrates with mobile device database

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol. Connection-oriented; a formal connection setup and close; can manage out-of-order messages or retransmissions; flow control.

UDP

User Datagram Protocol. Connectionless; no formal open or close to the connection; unreliable delivery. No error recovery; no reordering of data or retransmissions; no flow control.

Non-ephemeral ports

Permanent port numbers, ports 0 through 1,023, usually on a server or service.

Ephemeral ports

Temporary port numbers, ports 1,024 through 65,535, determined in real-time by the client.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol, tcp/20 (active mode data), tcp/21 (control), Transfers files between systems, Authenticates with a username and password

SSH

Secure Shell, Encrypted communication link - tcp/22, Looks and acts the same as Telnet

Telnet

Telecommunication Network - tcp/23, Login to devices remotely, Console access, In-the-clear communication

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Server to server email transfer - tcp/25, Also used to send mail from a device to a mail server, Commonly configured on mobile devices and email clients

DNS

Domain Name System, Converts names to IP addresses - udp/53, www.professormesser.com = 162.159.246.164, These are very critical resources

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - tcp/80, Communication in the browser. And by other applications, In the clear or encrypted - HTTPS - tcp/443

POP3

Receive emails from an email server, Authenticate and transfer, POP3 - Post office Protocol version 3 - tcp/110

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol v4 - tcp/143, Includes management of email inbox from multiple clients

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol, Share a desktop from a remote location over tcp/3389, Remote Desktop Services on many Windows versions, Can connect to an entire desktop or just an application

SMB

Server Message Block, Protocol used by Microsoft Windows, File sharing, printer sharing, Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System)

AFP

File services in macOS, tcp/548, Works with SLP (Service Location Protocol) tcp/427 and udp/427, Populates the list of available devices

DHCP

Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask and other options, udp/67, udp/68, Requires a DHCP server Server, appliance, integrated into a SOHO router, etc.

LDAP

tcp/389, Store and retrieve information in a network directory. Commonly used in Microsoft Active Directory

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol; gather statistics from network devices. Queries: udp/161, Traps: udp/162, v1 – The original, Structured tables, in-the-clear

NIC

Network Interface Card, The fundamental network device, Every device on the network has a NIC,. Specific to the network type: Ethernet, WAN, wireless

Managed switches

VLAN support; interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q; traffic prioritization (voice traffic gets a higher priority); redundancy support (Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)).

WAP

A bridge, extends the wired network onto the wireless network, makes forwarding decisions based on MAC address

Cable modem

Broadband, Transmission across multiple frequencies, Different traffic types, Data on the “cable” network. DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)

DSL modem

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line); uses telephone lines; download speed is faster than the upload speed (asymmetric); ~10,000 foot limitation from the central office (CO).

Power over Ethernet

Power provided on an Ethernet cable; one wire for both network and electricity; phones, cameras, wireless access points; useful in difficult-to-power areas.

Power-line communication (PLC)

Also called Power-line communication (PLC), IEEE standard 1901, 500 megabits per second, Standard includes links to the premise, intra-building networking, vehicles, smart energy devices, and more

The SOHO router

An all-in-one device, Modem, router, switch, wireless AP, firewall, etc.

IoT

Internet of Things, Home automation, mostly wireless, Security is an issue, Devices Thermostat

NAT

For SOHO devices, this is automatic. Source NAT, also called PAT (Port Address Translation). All internal devices are translated to a single external address

MAC

Media Access Control. The “hardware” address, Limit access through the physical hardware address, Keeps the neighbors out

QoS

Quality of Service; change the priority of your traffic; voice is high, World of Warcraft is low. Prioritize applications, ports, or MAC addresses

802.11a

One of the original 802.11 wireless standards, October 1999, Operates in the 5 GHz range, 54 megabits per second (Mbit/s), Smaller range than 802.11b

802.11b

Also an original 802.11 standard - October 1999, Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, 11 megabits per second (Mbit/s), Better range than 802.11a

802.11g

An “upgrade” to 802.11b - June 2003. Operates in the 2.4 GHz range. 54 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Backwards-compatible with 802.11b

802.11n

The update to 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a, October 2009, Operates at 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz. 40 MHz channel widths. 600 megabits per second (Mbit/s)

802.11ac

Approved in January 2014, Significant improvements over 802.11n. Operates in the 5 GHz band. Less crowded, more frequencies (up to 160 MHz channel bandwidth)

NFC

Two-way wireless communication, Builds on RFID, which is mostly one-way, Payment systems, Major credit cards, Online wallets, Bootstrap for other wireless

RFID

It’s everywhere. Access badges, Inventory/Assembly line tracking, Pet/Animal identification, Anything that needs to be tracked. Radar technology

Zigbee

Internet of Things networking, Open standard - IEEE 802.15.4 PAN, Alternative to WiFi and Bluetooth, Longer distances than Bluetooth, Less power consumption than WiFi

Z-Wave

Proprietary home automation networking, Internet of Things (IoT), Control lights, locks, garage doors, etc., Wireless mesh networking. Nodes can hop through other nodes on the way to the destination

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communications, CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access, Poor data support, Originally used circuit-switching

LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE), Based on GSM and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), Standard supports download rates of 150 Mbit/s

SIEM

Security Information and Event Management, Logging of security events and information, Security alerts, Real-time information. Log aggregation and long-term storage

IDS and IPS

Network-based Intrusion Detection System / Intrusion Prevention System, Intrusions Exploits against operating systems, applications, etc.,Detection vs. Prevention

UTM

Next-generation firewall, Unified Threat Management (UTM) / Web security gateway. URL filter / Content inspection

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4, OSI Layer 3 address

IPv6

Internet Protocol v6 - 128-bit address, 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses (340 undecillion)

DHCP

Provides automatic address / IP configuration for almost all devices

Link-local address

A non-routable local network address, will only work on the local subnet, required on every IPv6-enabled interface

LANs

Local Area Networks, A group of devices in the same broadcast domain

PAN

Personal Area Network. Your own private network. Bluetooth, IR, NFC

Cable modem

Broadband, Transmission across multiple frequencies, Different traffic types, Data on the “cable” network. DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)

DSL modem

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line); uses existing telephone lines; download speed is faster than the upload speed (asymmetric); ~10,000 foot limitation from the central office (CO).

Dialup

Network with voice telephone lines, Analog lines with limited frequency response, 56 kbit/s modems, Compression up to 320 kbit/s

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network. A network in your city. Larger than a LAN, often smaller than a WAN

WMN

Wireless mesh network, All devices connect together, A mesh “cloud”. Selfform Connects to each other automatically

Balanced pair operation

Two wires with equal and opposite signals, Transmit+, Transmit- / Receive+, Receive-.

EIA

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA). Alliance of trade associations, develops standards for the industry.

TIA

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). Standards, market analysis, trade shows, government affairs, etc.

Plenum-rated cable

Fire-rated cable jacket, Fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP) or low-smoke polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair, No additional shielding.

STP

Shielded Twisted Pair, Additional shielding protects against interference. Shield each pair and/or the overall cable

Mul$mode*Fiber

Short%rangecommunica$on,upto2*km

Single%mode*Fiber

Long%rangecommunica$on,upto100*km

CMOS

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, A type of memory, May be backed up with a battery.

POST

Power-On Self-Test; look for a boot loader; start the operating system.

UEFI BIOS

Based on Intel’s EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface); a defined standard; designed to replace the legacy BIOS; need a modern BIOS for modern computers

Virtual printer

No physical output, Output to a “digital” document, No additional hardware required, print to PDF

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Sometimes called Hardware as a Service (HaaS). Outsource your equipment

SaaS

Software as a Service (SaaS). On-demand software - No local installation. Why manage your own email distribution or payroll?

PaaS

Platform as a Service (PaaS). No servers, no software, no maintenance team, no HVAC. Someone else handles the platform, you handle the development