Grade 10 review

Matter:

Occupies space, has mass, and exists as a solid, liquid and gas

Mass

Amount of matter

The representative particles

• Ion

• Molecule

• Atom

• Formula units

Periodic law:

Properties or elements repea5 in regular intervals when elements are arranged in increasing atomic number

Charge or atoms?

Electrically neutral

Representative elements

1, 2, 13-18

Satp

Standard atmospheric ambient temperature and pressure

Saturday conditions

25 degrees, 100kPa

Isotope

Different number of NEUTRONS

Cation vs anion

Cation: pawsitive ion

Anion: negative ion

Info regarding ions and metals and nonmetals

Metals lose, nonmetallic gain

Anhydrous

Ionic compounds that have water molecules associated with their molecular structure, something is anhydrous ONLY if it started as hydrous

Covalent bonding

2 or more different nonmetallic joined by the sharing of valence electroms

Monoatomic elements

C, noble gases, all metals

Diatonic elements

H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Polyatomic elements

O3 (ozone), P4, S8

What state do ions ALWAYS exist in?

AQUEOUS

NH3

Ammonia

C6H12O6

Sucrose, fructose, galactose

O3

Ozone

H2O

Water

C3H8

Propane

C2H5OH

Ethanol

C12H22O11

Sucrose

H2O2

Hydrogen peroxide

H2S

Hydrogen sulfide

CH3OH

Methanol

In what are states a must?

ACIDS AND BASES

Intra vs inter

Intra: within

Inter: between

Kinetic molecular theory:

Smallest entities of a substance are I constant motion. As they move, they collide with each other and other objects in their path. (When chemical entities collide, they may exchange or share electrons to obtain a more favorable electron arrangement)

Temperature of particles

Average kinetic energy

Types of chemical reactions

• Formation

• Decomposition

• Single replacement

• Double Replacement

• Hydrocarbon combustion