PSYC 1301 EXAM 2

UMHB

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

 

Perception; sensation

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

 

transduction

The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave________ to the lowest point on the wave ________.

 

crest; trough

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light.

 

longer wavelengths

________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

 

higher; louder

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

 

They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle?

 

proximity

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

 

cones

Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day, and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked, “do you work here,” she thought it was funny. The other customers’ assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of _______.

 

similarity

When a child works on a “connect the dots” puzzle, she can often see the completed work before she has finished all of the dots. Once there is enough visual information present, she’s able to perceive the completed picture even though it is still incomplete. Which Gestalt principle does this demonstrate?

closure

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

 

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

 

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

 

Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school.

What is the main idea of drive theory?

 

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

 

Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not.

Which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among Americans in a way that had never before been made public, research that was not happily received by all who read it?

 

Kinsey

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

 

refractory period

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.

 

overjustification

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

 

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as “fat.” Mercy probably suffers from ________.

 

anorexia nervosa

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

 

learning

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

 

baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked

Which of the following is an example of a reflex?

 

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

associative

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________.

 

learned

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

 

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

 

primary

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

 

knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

 

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

 

One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

 

Concepts

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

 

Artificial

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

 

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

 

Robert Sternberg

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

fluid

In Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

 

interpersonal; intrapersonal

Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool – an intelligence test, of sorts – that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school?

 

Alfred Binet

What is the Flynn effect?

 

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

“Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences.” This is the foundation of the ________ model.

 

range of reaction

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

 

natural