AnP Blood

What are the primary functions of blood?

Transport gases, nutrients, waste, hormones; regulate pH, temp, fluid; protect via clotting and immune response.

What are the two main components of blood?

Plasma and formed elements.

What are the components of plasma?

Water (91%), proteins (7%), other solutes (2%) like ions, nutrients, waste, gases, and regulatory substances.

What are the three main types of formed elements?

Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.

Where are formed elements produced?

In red bone marrow via hematopoiesis.

What is the primary function of RBCs?

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What protein in RBCs binds oxygen?

Hemoglobin.

How are old RBCs broken down?

In the spleen and liver; hemoglobin is recycled or converted to bilirubin.

What are the five types of WBCs?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.

Which WBCs are granulocytes?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

Which WBCs are agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes and monocytes.

What is the function of platelets?

Blood clotting and preventing blood loss.

What are the three stages of hemostasis?

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation.

What are the two coagulation pathways?

Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

What happens during clot retraction and dissolution?

Clot contracts; fibrinolysis dissolves the clot.

What are the major blood groups?

A, B, AB, O.

What happens during a transfusion reaction?

Agglutination—antibodies react with incompatible antigens.

Name one disease related to blood.

Anemia – reduced oxygen-carrying capacity due to low RBCs or hemoglobin.