Carrying impulses from the periphery toward the brain
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Alzheimer’s Disease
Condition associated with aging that accounts for about 60 to 70 percent of senile dementias and is associated with a variety of symptoms, notable memory loss
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Ampulla
The widened end of each of the three semi-circular
canals where they return to the utricle. Each ampulla contains an end organ for the sense of equilibrium.
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Anotia
Absence of the pinna
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Atresia
Congenital closure of a normally open body orifice,
such as the external auditory canal.
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Auricle
The cartilaginous appendage of the external ear.
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Bel
Unit for expressing ratios of sound pressures in base 10
logarithms.
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Carhart Notch
Artifact in the bone-conduction audiograms
of patients with otosclerosis that makes it appear as though
their sensorineural sensitivity is slightly poorer than it truly
is. It is most evident at 2,000 Hz and often disappears following corrective surgery.
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Cerebellopontine
That area at the base of the brain at the junction of the cerebellum, medulla, and pons.
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Cholesteatoma
Tumor, usually occurring in the middle ear and mastoid, that combines fats and epithelium from outside the middle-ear space.
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Corti’s Arch
Series of arches made up of the rods of Corti in the cochlear duct.
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Dementia
The impairment of cognitive and intellectual functions.
It is usually progressive and age-related, and is usually
characterized by disorientation and impaired memory, judgment, and intellect.
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Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
The smaller of two cochlear nuclei on each side of the brain, it receives fibers from the cochlea on the ipsilateral side.
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Down Syndrome
Syndrome characterized by mental retardation;
a small, slightly flattened skull; low-set ears; abnormal
digits; and other unusual facial and body characteristics.
Also known as trisomy 21 syndrome
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Efferent
Carrying impulses from the brain toward the periphery.
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Endogonous
Produced or originating within the organism.
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Hearing Disability
Inability to perform socially useful functions
due to hearing loss. A given disability may or may not
present a handicap.
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Hearing Handicap
The ways in which a hearing loss has a frustrating effect on individual roles or goals.
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Hearing Impairment
Abnormality of structure or function that is physiological, psychological, or anatomical.
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Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the labyrinth, resulting in hearing loss and vertigo.
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Mastoidectomy
Operation to remove infected cells of the
mastoid. Mastoidectomies are termed as simple, radical, and modified radical, depending on the extent of surgery.
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Mastoiditis
Infection of the mastoid.
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Meniere’s Disease
Disease of the inner ear whose symptoms
include tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss (usually fluctuating and unilateral).
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Nystagmus
Oscillatory motion of the eyes.
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Organ of Corti
The end organ of hearing found within the
scala media of the cochlea.
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Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone caused by a purulent infection.
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Otitis Media
Any infection in the middle ear
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Otorrhea
Any discharge from the external auditory canal or
from the middle ear.
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Ototoxic
Poisonous to the ear.
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Perilymph
The fluid contained in both the auditory and vestibular
portions of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear.
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Permanent threshold shift (PTS)
Permanent sensory/neuralloss of hearing, usually associated with exposure to intense noise.
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Presbycusis
Hearing loss associated with old age.
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Prevalence
The number of existing cases of a disease or condition
within a population at any given time.
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Ratio
The mathematical result of a quantity divided by
another quantity of the same kind, often expressed as a
fraction.
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Recruitment
Large increase in the perceived loudness of a signal
produced by relatively small increases in intensity above
threshold; it is symptomatic of some hearing losses produced by damage to the cochlea.
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Rh Factor
Pertaining to the protein factor found on the surface
of the red blood cells in most humans. Named for the
Rhesus monkey, in which it was first observed.
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Stapedectomy
Operation designed to improve hearing in
cases of otosclerosis by removing the affected stapes and
replacing it with a prosthesis.
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Stria Vascularis
Vascular strip that lies along the outer wall
of the scala media. It is responsible for the secretion and
absorption of endolymph, it supplies oxygen and nutrients
to the organ of Corti, and it affects the positive DC potential
of the endolymph.
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Vertigo
The sensation that a person (or his or her surroundings)
is whirling or spinning.
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Acoustic Neuroma
A tumor involving the nerve sheath of the auditory nerve.
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Acoustic Trama Notch
A precipitous increase in hearing loss in 3000 to 6000 Hz range, with recovery of hearing function at higher frequencies. It is usually, but not exclusivley
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Bell’s Palsy
Paralysis of the peripheral branch of the facial (VII th cranial) nerve.
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Chorda Tympani Nerve
A branch of the facial nerve that passes through the middle ear. It conveys information about taste from the anterior two-thirds of one side of the tongue.
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Cochlea
A cavity in the inner ear resembling a snail shell and responsible for converting sound waves into an electrochemical signal that can be sent to the brain for interpretation.
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Endolymph
The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear both the auditory and vestibular portions.
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Eustachian Tube
The channel connecting the middle ear with the nasopharynx on each side. It is lined with mucous membrane and is sometimes called the auditory tube
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Manubrium
A process of the malleus embedded in the fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane.
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Objective Audiometry
Procedures for testing the hearing function that do not require behavioral responses
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Otalgia
Pain in the ear.
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Pseudohypacusis
Non –organic hearing , fake False and Exaggerated Hearing Loss
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Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SCDS)
Frequently misdiagnosed as a peripheral vestibular disorder, SCDS symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, and disequilibrium are induced by intense sounds or change in middle-ear pressure.
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Tympanic Membrane
The thin vibrating membrane between the outer and middle ears, located at the end of the external auditory canal. It compromises an outer layer of skin, a middle layer of connective tissue, and an inner layer of mucous membrane.
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Umbo
A sight indentation at the approximate center of the tympanic membrane at the tip of the malleus; the point at which the tympanic membrane is most retracted.