Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Cell Cycle

The series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide, including Interphase, M phase, and Cytokinesis.

Interphase

The longest phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and makes copies of its DNA.

M Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where mitosis occurs, leading to cell division.

Cytokinesis

The final stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm splits to form two identical cells.

G1 Phase

The first sub-phase of Interphase where the cell grows, copies organelles, and checks if it is large enough.

S Phase

The sub-phase of Interphase where the cell synthesizes a complete copy of DNA and duplicates centrioles.

G2 Phase

The second sub-phase of Interphase where the cell grows more, makes proteins, and checks for successful DNA replication.

Chromosomes

Condensed structures of DNA and protein that carry genetic information.

Centromere

The region that holds together sister chromatids.

Centriole

Organelles involved in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division.

Spindle Fibers

Protein structures that aid in the separation of chromatids during mitosis.

Prophase

The first phase of mitosis where chromatin condenses into replicated chromosomes and spindle fibers begin to form.

Prometaphase

The phase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers attach to replicated chromosomes.

Metaphase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell and spindle fibers attach.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers.

Telophase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes decondense, and two new daughter nuclei form.

Chromatin

The less condensed form of DNA present in the cell during Interphase.

Cytokinesis in Plants

Division that starts at the center of the cell and forms a cell plate.

Cytokinesis in Animals

Division that starts at the edges of the cell and moves towards the center.

Binary Fission

A type of cell division primarily occurring in prokaryotes and bacteria, distinct from mitosis.