Energy and the Environment Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and processes related to energy sources, types, environmental impacts, and conservation strategies discussed in the lecture notes.

What are fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels are carbon-based fuels formed over many millions of years from the decay of living matter.

What is required for combustion?

Combustion requires a suitable source of fuel with carbon.

What are the main types of fossil fuels?

Coal, oil, and natural gas.

What determines whether fossil fuel will be coal, oil, or natural gas?

The type of the animal or plant that decomposed to form the fossil fuel.

What are non-renewable energy sources?

Energy sources that cannot be replaced, such as oil and gas.

What are examples of renewable energy sources?

Solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power, tidal power, wave power, geothermal power.

What is the process used to generate electricity known as electromagnetic induction?

It is a method that uses a metal coil and a magnet to transform kinetic energy into electrical energy.

What role does a turbine play in generating electricity?

A turbine is a machine that revolves using gas, steam, or air to generate mechanical energy which is converted into electrical energy.

How do geothermal power systems work?

Cold water is pumped into hot rocks underground, heated to steam, which is then used to turn a turbine and generate electricity.

What environmental factors affect the choice of energy sources?

Pollution, ecosystem changes, and visual impacts.

What is fracking?

Fracking is the process of obtaining oil or gas from shale rock by breaking open the rocks using water, sand, and chemicals.

What are the advantages of using biofuels?

Biofuels are renewable, produce less carbon dioxide, and growing plants can utilize carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.

What is the significance of oil spills in marine ecosystems?

Oil spills can lead to extinction of species, damage to marine life, and have long-term ecological impacts.

What measures can be taken to manage oil pollution?

Floating booms, detergent sprays, and skimmers are methods to manage and minimize the impact of oil spills.

What are the key terms for the energy conversion processes discussed in the lecture?

Electromagnetic induction, generator, turbine, burner, boiler, solar power, tidal power.