BIO 5

NADH and FADH2 function to:

Deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain

A biofuel is produced from:

Recently living organisms

Approximately what percentage of solar energy is captured by living organisms?

1%

Which organisms perform cellular respiration?

Plants and animals

Kinetic energy is best defined as:

Energy of motion

When ATP releases its energy, it produces:

ADP and a phosphate group

Under anaerobic conditions, cells may use fermentation pathways that produce:

Lactic acid or ethanol

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the:

Chloroplast

The two main sets of reactions in photosynthesis are:

Light-dependent ('photo') reactions and light-independent ('synthesis') reactions

C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation for plants in:

Hot, dry environments

The end product of glycolysis that continues to the citric acid cycle is:

Pyruvate

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed

The primary function of chlorophyll is to:

Absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Approximately how many ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule through cellular respiration?

36-38

The carbon dioxide you exhale comes from:

The citric acid cycle

The first step of cellular respiration is:

Glycolysis

CAM photosynthesis is unique because:

Stomata open at night and close during the day

When chlorophyll production stops in deciduous trees in fall, which pigments become visible?

Carotenoid pigments

The Calvin cycle directly produces:

G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)

The chemical energy stored in chemical bonds is a type of:

Potential energy

The ultimate source of energy in biofuels, fossil fuels, and food is:

The sun

The membrane-enclosed network of discs in chloroplasts is called:

Thylakoids

The citric acid cycle and electron transport chain occur in the:

Mitochondria

Plants can primarily utilize which wavelengths of light for photosynthesis?

Red and blue

ATP is composed of which three components?

Adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups