Introduction to Biology: What is Life?

A set of vocabulary flashcards defining the fundamental concepts and characteristics of life, including biological organization and homeostasis, based on the introductory biology lecture.

Biology

The study of all forms of life.

Organism

Any living thing that can follow all of the characteristics of life.

Biotic

A term used to describe something that is or was alive.

Abiotic

A term used to describe something that is non-living.

Unicellular organisms

Living things made of a single cell, such as bacteria.

Multicellular organisms

Living things made of many cells, such as blue whales.

DNA

Genetic material containing information that determines the growth and development of organisms and is inheritable.

Asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction where there is only $1$ parent and the offspring is typically genetically identical.

Sexual reproduction

A type of reproduction where there are $2$ parents and the offspring has a mix of their parents’ genetic material.

Autotrophs

Organisms that make their own food.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that eat other organisms.

Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead material.

Metabolism

The process by which all organisms use energy to break down and build up materials.

Homeostasis

The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Evolutionary Adaptation

The process where living things change over a long period of time, developing traits that help them survive and reproduce.

Levels of Biological Organization

The hierarchy of life spanning from molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, to the biosphere.

Optimal Conditions

Specific internal conditions, such as temperature, $pH$, and nutrient levels, required for cells to perform essential functions.